TY - JOUR
T1 - Zinc Deficient Intake in Hemodialysis Patients
T2 - A Path to a High Mortality Risk
AU - Garagarza, Cristina
AU - Valente, Ana
AU - Caetano, Cristina
AU - Ramos, Inês
AU - Sebastião, Joana
AU - Pinto, Mariana
AU - Oliveira, Telma
AU - Ferreira, Aníbal
AU - Sousa Guerreiro, Catarina
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflict of interest Statement and Funding Sources: The authors do not have any conflict of interest to declare, no financial assistance was received in support of the study and the results presented in this paper have not been published previously in whole or part.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Background: Zinc is essential for human nutrition and plays an important role in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between zinc intake and mortality in HD patients. Methods: This is a longitudinal, prospective, multicenter study with 582 HD patients from 37 dialysis centers. We recorded clinical and body composition parameters. Dietary intake and physical activity data were obtained using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS 24.0 software. A P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Patients’ mean age was 67.8 ± 17.7 years and median HD vintage was 65 (43-104) months. About 53.6% of the patients presented a deficient daily intake of zinc. Patients with the highest zinc intake were those who had a higher lean tissue index (P = .022), energy (P < .001), and protein (p = .022) intakes. Zinc intake was positively correlated with energy (r = 0.709) and protein intake (r = 0.805) and negatively correlated with the malnutrition screening tool score (r = −0.087). A higher energy, protein, and lower carbohydrates intake, as well as lower HD vintage and higher lean tissue index were predictors of zinc intake. A higher mortality risk was observed in patients with zinc intake below the recommended values, even after the adjustment for age, presence of diabetes, gender, dialysis vintage, albumin, lean tissue index, energy intake/kilogram, and level of physical activity (P = .021). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of HD patients with an inadequate zinc intake, which is related to worse nutritional and body composition parameters and with a higher mortality risk.
AB - Background: Zinc is essential for human nutrition and plays an important role in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between zinc intake and mortality in HD patients. Methods: This is a longitudinal, prospective, multicenter study with 582 HD patients from 37 dialysis centers. We recorded clinical and body composition parameters. Dietary intake and physical activity data were obtained using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS 24.0 software. A P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Patients’ mean age was 67.8 ± 17.7 years and median HD vintage was 65 (43-104) months. About 53.6% of the patients presented a deficient daily intake of zinc. Patients with the highest zinc intake were those who had a higher lean tissue index (P = .022), energy (P < .001), and protein (p = .022) intakes. Zinc intake was positively correlated with energy (r = 0.709) and protein intake (r = 0.805) and negatively correlated with the malnutrition screening tool score (r = −0.087). A higher energy, protein, and lower carbohydrates intake, as well as lower HD vintage and higher lean tissue index were predictors of zinc intake. A higher mortality risk was observed in patients with zinc intake below the recommended values, even after the adjustment for age, presence of diabetes, gender, dialysis vintage, albumin, lean tissue index, energy intake/kilogram, and level of physical activity (P = .021). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of HD patients with an inadequate zinc intake, which is related to worse nutritional and body composition parameters and with a higher mortality risk.
KW - BODY-COMPOSITION
KW - LEPTIN LEVELS
KW - SERUM ZINC
KW - SUPPLEMENTATION
KW - GUIDELINE
KW - FLUID
KW - DIALYSIS
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113651132&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.06.012
DO - 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.06.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 34452812
AN - SCOPUS:85113651132
SN - 1051-2276
VL - 32
SP - 87
EP - 93
JO - Journal of Renal Nutrition
JF - Journal of Renal Nutrition
IS - 1
ER -