Uniform and Stable TEM₀₀ Mode Multibeam Solar Laser Approach

The utilization of TEM₀₀ mode laser beams is critical in precise material processing, optical communication, and high-resolution imaging. While TEM₀₀ mode solar laser beams have been achieved, the need for a highly accurate and continuously operating solar tracking system presents significant challenges. A solar laser pumping approach is here proposed to enable the production of four uniform and stable TEM₀₀ mode solar laser beams even in the presence of solar tracking errors. The solar radiation was collected and concentrated using a heliostat—parabolic mirror system. An aspheric lens further concentrated the solar rays into a homogenizer that evenly distributed the solar power flux onto four Nd:YAG rods positioned within a single pump cavity. Through Zemax^® and LASCAD™ software analysis, successful generation of four uniform and stable 1064 nm continuous-wave solar laser emissions was numerically demonstrated, exhibiting similar TEM₀₀ power levels and beam quality factors. The system showed resilience against solar tracking errors of up to ± 0.2°.