TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding the microstructural evolution and fatigue behavior of aluminum 2319 fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing
AU - Kannan, A. Rajesh
AU - Pramod, R.
AU - Prakash, K. Sanjeevi
AU - Shanmugam, N. Siva
AU - Yoon , Jonghun
AU - Oliveira, J. P.
N1 - info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0037%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017%2F2018) - Financiamento Programático/UIDP%2F50025%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50025%2F2020/PT#
Funding Information:
This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE), Korea, under the \u201CInnovative Digital Manufacturing Platform\u201D (reference number P00223311) supervised by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT). This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (2022R1A4A3031263).
Publisher Copyright:
© Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 2024.
PY - 2024/4
Y1 - 2024/4
N2 - Aluminum alloys have received substantial interest for the fabrication of complex and large size components for the aerospace industry via additive manufacturing processes. This work explores the fatigue performance of aluminum alloy 2319 fabricated by wire-based Directed Energy Deposition (DED) with Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process, i.e., wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology. The as-deposited 2319 wall microstructure was composed by both columnar dendrites and equiaxed grains along the build direction (BD). Also, fine and coarse θ and θ′ precipitates were noticed in the WAAM printed 2319 wall due to repeated thermal cycles while fine precipitates were observed in wrought alloy. The microhardness measurements revealed a gradual decrease from the bottom to the top layers and varied between 65 and 86 HV. Tensile properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation) measured in the horizontal and vertical directions were 99 ± 4 MPa, 268 ± 11 MPa 14.8 ± 1.5% and 96 ± 3 MPa, 257 ± 9 MPa, and 15.6 ± 2%, respectively. The WAAM 2319 fabricated in this work retained 72% of the strength of their AA2219-T62 wrought counterparts, which can be attributed to the large columnar grains that developed during the additive manufacturing process. The fatigue strength of WAAM 2319 specimen was 67 MPa, corresponding to 65% of the fatigue strength of AA2219-T62. Fracture surface analysis revealed the presence of small and large dimples, secondary micro-cracks, broken intermetallics, and inclusions. This work will provide novel insights and guidance for manufacturing near-net shape aluminum alloys by wire-based DED with improved tensile and fatigue properties.
AB - Aluminum alloys have received substantial interest for the fabrication of complex and large size components for the aerospace industry via additive manufacturing processes. This work explores the fatigue performance of aluminum alloy 2319 fabricated by wire-based Directed Energy Deposition (DED) with Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process, i.e., wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology. The as-deposited 2319 wall microstructure was composed by both columnar dendrites and equiaxed grains along the build direction (BD). Also, fine and coarse θ and θ′ precipitates were noticed in the WAAM printed 2319 wall due to repeated thermal cycles while fine precipitates were observed in wrought alloy. The microhardness measurements revealed a gradual decrease from the bottom to the top layers and varied between 65 and 86 HV. Tensile properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation) measured in the horizontal and vertical directions were 99 ± 4 MPa, 268 ± 11 MPa 14.8 ± 1.5% and 96 ± 3 MPa, 257 ± 9 MPa, and 15.6 ± 2%, respectively. The WAAM 2319 fabricated in this work retained 72% of the strength of their AA2219-T62 wrought counterparts, which can be attributed to the large columnar grains that developed during the additive manufacturing process. The fatigue strength of WAAM 2319 specimen was 67 MPa, corresponding to 65% of the fatigue strength of AA2219-T62. Fracture surface analysis revealed the presence of small and large dimples, secondary micro-cracks, broken intermetallics, and inclusions. This work will provide novel insights and guidance for manufacturing near-net shape aluminum alloys by wire-based DED with improved tensile and fatigue properties.
KW - Aluminum alloy
KW - ER2319
KW - Fatigue
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Microstructure
KW - WAAM
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85206852497&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s43452-024-00925-6
DO - 10.1007/s43452-024-00925-6
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85206852497
SN - 1644-9665
VL - 24
JO - Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
JF - Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
IS - 2
M1 - 110
ER -