Tuberculose extensivamente resistente: uma realidade presente. Revisão da literatura a propósito de um caso clínico.

Decades after tuberculosis having acquired the status of curable disease, the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to the most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs used in first-line treatment have placed this disease again as a global threat to public health. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and approach of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Portugal and in the world are discussed. Based on a description of a clinical case, this review highlights the difficulty and complexity of the clinical management of multi-drug resistant and extensively drugresistant tuberculosis in Portugal, a country recently considered of low incidence.