TY - JOUR
T1 - Transgenerational exposure to ocean acidification induces biochemical distress in a keystone amphipod species (Gammarus locusta)
AU - Lopes, Ana Rita
AU - Borges, Francisco Oliveira
AU - Figueiredo, Cátia
AU - Sampaio, Eduardo
AU - Diniz, Mário
AU - Rosa, Rui
AU - Grilo, Tiago Fernandes
N1 - info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876/147321/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/SFRH/SFRH%2FBPD%2F98590%2F2013/PT#
This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), through the project CLIMATOXEEL (PTDC/AAG-GLO/3795/2014) awarded to TFG, the strategic project (UID/MAR/04292/2013) granted to MARE, and the Programa Investigador FCT 2013 to RR. FCT also supported this work through a post-doctoral grant attributed to TFG (SFRH/BPD/98590/2013) and PhD grants attributed to ARL (SRFH/BD/97070/2013), CF (SFRH/BD/130023/2017) and ES (SFRH/BD/131771/2017).
PY - 2019/3/1
Y1 - 2019/3/1
N2 - Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are increasing at the fastest rate ever recorded, causing higher CO2 dissolution in the ocean, leading to a process known as ocean acidification (OA). Unless anthropogenic CO2 emissions are reduced, they are expected to reach ~900 ppm by the century's end, resulting in a 0.13–0.42 drop in the seawater pH levels. Since the transgenerational effects of high CO2 in marine organisms are still poorly understood at lower levels of biological organization (namely at the biochemical level), here we reared a key ecological relevant marine amphipod, Gammarus locusta, under control and high CO2 conditions for two generations. We measured several stress-related biochemical endpoints: i) oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage]; ii) protein repair and removal mechanisms [heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ubiquitin (Ub)]; as well as iii) antioxidant responses [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s-transferase (GST)] and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The present results support the premise that exposure to high CO2 is expected to decrease survival rates in this species and cause within- and transgenerational oxidative damage. More specifically, the predicted upsurge of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species seemed to overwhelm the stimulated amphipod antioxidant machinery, which proved insufficient in circumventing protein damage within the parents. Additionally, negative effects of OA are potentially being inherited by the offspring, since the oxidative stress imposed in the parent's proteome appears to be restricting DNA repair mechanisms efficiency within the offspring's. Thus, we argue that a transgenerational exposure of G. locusta could further increase vulnerability to OA and may endanger the fitness and sustainability of natural populations.
AB - Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are increasing at the fastest rate ever recorded, causing higher CO2 dissolution in the ocean, leading to a process known as ocean acidification (OA). Unless anthropogenic CO2 emissions are reduced, they are expected to reach ~900 ppm by the century's end, resulting in a 0.13–0.42 drop in the seawater pH levels. Since the transgenerational effects of high CO2 in marine organisms are still poorly understood at lower levels of biological organization (namely at the biochemical level), here we reared a key ecological relevant marine amphipod, Gammarus locusta, under control and high CO2 conditions for two generations. We measured several stress-related biochemical endpoints: i) oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage]; ii) protein repair and removal mechanisms [heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ubiquitin (Ub)]; as well as iii) antioxidant responses [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s-transferase (GST)] and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The present results support the premise that exposure to high CO2 is expected to decrease survival rates in this species and cause within- and transgenerational oxidative damage. More specifically, the predicted upsurge of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species seemed to overwhelm the stimulated amphipod antioxidant machinery, which proved insufficient in circumventing protein damage within the parents. Additionally, negative effects of OA are potentially being inherited by the offspring, since the oxidative stress imposed in the parent's proteome appears to be restricting DNA repair mechanisms efficiency within the offspring's. Thus, we argue that a transgenerational exposure of G. locusta could further increase vulnerability to OA and may endanger the fitness and sustainability of natural populations.
KW - Gammarus locusta
KW - Ocean acidification
KW - Oxidative damage
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Transgenerational
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058702107&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.040
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.040
M3 - Article
C2 - 30583126
AN - SCOPUS:85058702107
VL - 170
SP - 168
EP - 177
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
SN - 0013-9351
ER -