TY - JOUR
T1 - Toxicity of Binary Metal Mixtures to the Tropical Ostracod Strandesia Trispinosa
AU - dos Santos Lima, Júlio César
AU - Moreira, Raquel Aparecida
AU - Neto, Antônio José Gazonato
AU - Freitas, Emanuela Cristina
AU - Daam, Michiel Adriaan
AU - Rocha, Odete
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are indebted to the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq, Process: 140400/2015- 0) and CAPES for scholarships to the first author in different periods. R.A.M. has a postdoc- toral fellowship from FAPESP (Grant No. 2017/24126-4). The contribution of M. Daam was also supported by the Portuguese government (FCT) through the research unit UID/AMB/04085/2020 (CENSE).
Funding Information:
The authors are indebted to the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq, Process: 140400/2015- 0) and CAPES for scholarships to the first author in different periods. R.A.M. has a postdoc- toral fellowship from FAPESP (Grant No. 2017/24126-4). The contribution of M. Daam was also supported by the Portuguese government (FCT) through the research unit UID/AMB/04085/2020 (CENSE).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - The ecotoxicity of metals is generally assessed individually, in part because current knowledge does not allow for the accurate prediction of the toxicity of metal mixtures to aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of binary combinations of metal salts (copper sulphate—CuSO4, cadmium chloride—CdCl2, mercury chloride—HgCl2 and manganese sulphate—MnSO4) on the tropical ostracod Strandesia trispinosa through acute toxicity tests. To this end, ostracods were exposed to each individual metal salt as well as to their combinations by applying a full factorial design. The model that best explained the effects of the mixtures CuSO4 x CdCl2, CuSO4 x HgCl2 and CuSO4 x MnSO4 on the survival of S. trispinosa was Concentration Addition, whereas this was Independent Action for the CdCl2 x HgCl2 mixture. The observed synergistic interactions are likely to result in unacceptable risks to aquatic ecosystems under real field conditions. This is especially the case if CuSO4 predominates the metal mixture, as observed for its combination with mercury and manganese.
AB - The ecotoxicity of metals is generally assessed individually, in part because current knowledge does not allow for the accurate prediction of the toxicity of metal mixtures to aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of binary combinations of metal salts (copper sulphate—CuSO4, cadmium chloride—CdCl2, mercury chloride—HgCl2 and manganese sulphate—MnSO4) on the tropical ostracod Strandesia trispinosa through acute toxicity tests. To this end, ostracods were exposed to each individual metal salt as well as to their combinations by applying a full factorial design. The model that best explained the effects of the mixtures CuSO4 x CdCl2, CuSO4 x HgCl2 and CuSO4 x MnSO4 on the survival of S. trispinosa was Concentration Addition, whereas this was Independent Action for the CdCl2 x HgCl2 mixture. The observed synergistic interactions are likely to result in unacceptable risks to aquatic ecosystems under real field conditions. This is especially the case if CuSO4 predominates the metal mixture, as observed for its combination with mercury and manganese.
KW - Antagonism
KW - Binary mixtures
KW - Metals
KW - Synergism
KW - Tropical ostracod
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150698270&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00128-023-03704-w
DO - 10.1007/s00128-023-03704-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 36920531
AN - SCOPUS:85150698270
SN - 0007-4861
VL - 110
JO - Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology
JF - Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology
IS - 3
M1 - 64
ER -