Thioridazine: a non-antibiotic drug highly effective, in combination with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs, against any form of antibiotic resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its multi-mechanisms of action

Leonard Amaral; M Viveiros

doi:10.3390/antibiotics6010003

Thioridazine: a non-antibiotic drug highly effective, in combination with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs, against any form of antibiotic resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its multi-mechanisms of action

Leonard Amaral, M Viveiros

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

50 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regardless of its antibiotic resistance phenotype, as well as in vivo as a therapy for mice infected with multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb, or for human subjects infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mtb. The mechanisms of action by which TZ brings about successful therapeutic outcomes are presented in detail.

Original language	English
Article number	3
Pages (from-to)	3-17
Number of pages	14
Journal	Antibiotics
Volume	6
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics6010003
Publication status	Published - 14 Jan 2017

Keywords

Antibiotic resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Enhancement of intracellular killing of Mtb by thioridazine
Ex vivo activity
In vitro activity
In vivo activity (murine model and human trails)
Mechanism of actions of thioridazine
The non-killing macrophage
Thioridazine

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/antibiotics6010003

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title = "Thioridazine: a non-antibiotic drug highly effective, in combination with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs, against any form of antibiotic resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its multi-mechanisms of action",

abstract = "This review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regardless of its antibiotic resistance phenotype, as well as in vivo as a therapy for mice infected with multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb, or for human subjects infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mtb. The mechanisms of action by which TZ brings about successful therapeutic outcomes are presented in detail.",

keywords = "Antibiotic resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, Enhancement of intracellular killing of Mtb by thioridazine, Ex vivo activity, In vitro activity, In vivo activity (murine model and human trails), Mechanism of actions of thioridazine, The non-killing macrophage, Thioridazine",

author = "Leonard Amaral and M Viveiros",

year = "2017",

month = jan,

day = "14",

doi = "10.3390/antibiotics6010003",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

pages = "3--17",

journal = "Antibiotics",

publisher = "MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",

number = "1",

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Thioridazine: a non-antibiotic drug highly effective, in combination with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs, against any form of antibiotic resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its multi-mechanisms of action. / Amaral, Leonard ; Viveiros, M.
In: Antibiotics, Vol. 6, No. 1, 3, 14.01.2017, p. 3-17.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Thioridazine: a non-antibiotic drug highly effective, in combination with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs, against any form of antibiotic resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its multi-mechanisms of action

AU - Amaral, Leonard

AU - Viveiros, M

PY - 2017/1/14

Y1 - 2017/1/14

N2 - This review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regardless of its antibiotic resistance phenotype, as well as in vivo as a therapy for mice infected with multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb, or for human subjects infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mtb. The mechanisms of action by which TZ brings about successful therapeutic outcomes are presented in detail.

AB - This review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regardless of its antibiotic resistance phenotype, as well as in vivo as a therapy for mice infected with multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb, or for human subjects infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mtb. The mechanisms of action by which TZ brings about successful therapeutic outcomes are presented in detail.

KW - Antibiotic resistant pulmonary tuberculosis

KW - Enhancement of intracellular killing of Mtb by thioridazine

KW - Ex vivo activity

KW - In vitro activity

KW - In vivo activity (murine model and human trails)

KW - Mechanism of actions of thioridazine

KW - The non-killing macrophage

KW - Thioridazine

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U2 - 10.3390/antibiotics6010003

DO - 10.3390/antibiotics6010003

M3 - Review article

C2 - 28098814

VL - 6

SP - 3

EP - 17

JO - Antibiotics

JF - Antibiotics

IS - 1

M1 - 3

ER -

Thioridazine: a non-antibiotic drug highly effective, in combination with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs, against any form of antibiotic resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its multi-mechanisms of action

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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