The prevalence of late-life depression in a Portuguese community sample: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group study

M. Gonçalves-Pereira; A.Matthew Prina; Ana Cardoso; J.A. da Silva; Martin Prince; M. Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.067

The prevalence of late-life depression in a Portuguese community sample: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group study

M. Gonçalves-Pereira, A.Matthew Prina, Ana Cardoso, J.A. da Silva, Martin Prince, M. Xavier

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Late life depression is associated with a significant burden of disease. Estimating depression in older adults can be difficult and requires different methodological approaches from those fitting younger adults. As community prevalence data is scarce in Portugal, we estimated the prevalence of depression in a sample of older Portuguese adults. Moreover, we investigated the association between depression and disability. Methods: A cross-sectional comprehensive one-phase survey was conducted of all residents aged 65 and over of one urban and one rural catchment area in Southern Portugal. Standardized 10/66 assessments include a comprehensive cognitive module and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS)-AGECAT. Information on demographics, non-communicable disease risk factors and disability/functioning (WHODAS 2.0) was also recorded. Depression was assessed using both ICD-10 and EURO-D criteria. Results: We interviewed 1405 older people (mean age 74.9, SD = 6.7 years; 55.5% women) after 313 (18.2%) refusals to participate. The prevalence rate for ICD-10 depression was 4.4 (95% CI 3.5–5.6) and 18.0 (95% CI 16.0–20.1) using the EURO-D case definition. As compared with having no depression, ICD-10 depression was associated with a higher level of disability, even after adjusting for confounders (4.8, 95% CI 2.8–8.1). The same happened with subsyndromal depression (‘EURO-D only’) cases (2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5). Limitations: Non-generalisability of findings outside of catchment areas. Conclusions: In this sample of older Portuguese people, the prevalence of depression was high and so were the associated levels of disability. EURO-D diagnoses may provide a better picture of clinically significant old age depression as a basis for health and social service planning. © 2018

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	674-681
Number of pages	8
Journal	Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume	246
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.067
Publication status	Published - Mar 2019

Keywords

Depression
Epidemiology
EURO-D
Older-age
Prevalence

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.067

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059351979&doi=10.1016%2fj.jad.2018.12.067&partnerID=40&md5=14c29ac0af1b19440f85d14aeac3472a

Cite this

@article{beb1b11a7c8844feb3a74311ff45e247,

title = "The prevalence of late-life depression in a Portuguese community sample: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group study",

abstract = "Background: Late life depression is associated with a significant burden of disease. Estimating depression in older adults can be difficult and requires different methodological approaches from those fitting younger adults. As community prevalence data is scarce in Portugal, we estimated the prevalence of depression in a sample of older Portuguese adults. Moreover, we investigated the association between depression and disability. Methods: A cross-sectional comprehensive one-phase survey was conducted of all residents aged 65 and over of one urban and one rural catchment area in Southern Portugal. Standardized 10/66 assessments include a comprehensive cognitive module and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS)-AGECAT. Information on demographics, non-communicable disease risk factors and disability/functioning (WHODAS 2.0) was also recorded. Depression was assessed using both ICD-10 and EURO-D criteria. Results: We interviewed 1405 older people (mean age 74.9, SD = 6.7 years; 55.5% women) after 313 (18.2%) refusals to participate. The prevalence rate for ICD-10 depression was 4.4 (95% CI 3.5–5.6) and 18.0 (95% CI 16.0–20.1) using the EURO-D case definition. As compared with having no depression, ICD-10 depression was associated with a higher level of disability, even after adjusting for confounders (4.8, 95% CI 2.8–8.1). The same happened with subsyndromal depression ({\textquoteleft}EURO-D only{\textquoteright}) cases (2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5). Limitations: Non-generalisability of findings outside of catchment areas. Conclusions: In this sample of older Portuguese people, the prevalence of depression was high and so were the associated levels of disability. EURO-D diagnoses may provide a better picture of clinically significant old age depression as a basis for health and social service planning. {\textcopyright} 2018",

keywords = "Depression, Epidemiology, EURO-D, Older-age, Prevalence",

author = "M. Gon{\c c}alves-Pereira and A.Matthew Prina and Ana Cardoso and {da Silva}, J.A. and Martin Prince and M. Xavier",

note = "Export Date: 9 January 2019 CODEN: JADID Correspondence Address: Gon{\c c}alves-Pereira, M.; CEDOC, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ci{\^e}ncias M{\'e}dicas, Universidade Nova de LisboaPortugal; email: [email protected] Funding details: Agency for Science, Technology and Research, PTDC/SAU-EPI/113652/2009 Funding details: Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia Funding details: Medical Research Council, MR/K021907/1 Funding text 1: This study was supported by a research grant from FCT - Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia , the Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology (Project reference PTDC/SAU-EPI/113652/2009 : “Prevalence of old age neuropsychiatric disorders: contribution to mental health policy in Portugal”; PI: Miguel Xavier). A. Matthew Prina was supported by the Medical Research Council ( MR/K021907/1 ). References: Baldwin, R., Mood disorders: depressive disorders (2008) Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry, pp. 529-556. , R. Jacoby C. Oppenheimer T. Dening A. Thomas Oxford University Press Oxford; Barreto, J., Envelhecimento e Sa{\'u}de Mental: Estudo de Epidemiologia Psiqui{\'a}trica no Concelho de Matosinhos (1984), Faculdade de Medicina do Porto; Beekman, A.T., Copeland, J.R., Prince, M.J., Review of community prevalence of depression in later life (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 307-311; Braam, A.W., Copeland, J.R.M., Delespaul, P.A.E.G., Beekman, A.T.F., Como, A., Dewey, M., Fichter, M., Skoog, I., Depression, subthreshold depression and comorbid anxiety symptoms in older Europeans: results from the EURODEP concerted action (2014) J. Affect. Disord., 155, pp. 266-272; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M., Xavier, M., Cardoso, G., Gon{\c c}alves-Pereira, M., Gusm{\~a}o, R.M., Corr{\^e}a, B.B., Gago, J., da Silva, J.A., Estudo Epidemiol{\'o}gico Nacional de Sa{\'u}de Mental: 1º Relat{\'o}rio. Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ci{\^e}ncias M{\'e}dicas (2013), Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon; Castro-Costa, E., Dewey, M., Stewart, R., Banerjee, S., Huppert, F., Mendon{\c c}a-Lima, C., Bula, C., Prince, M., Ascertaining late-life depressive symptoms in Europe: an evaluation of the survey version of the EURO-D scale in 10 nations. The SHARE project (2008) Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res., 17, pp. 12-29; Castro-Costa, E., Dewey, M., Stewart, R., Banerjee, S., Huppert, F., Mendon{\c c}a-Lima, C., Bula, C., Prince, M., Prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in later life in ten European countries : the SHARE study (2007) Br. J. Psychiatry, 191, pp. 393-401; (2008), pp. 2007-2016. , CNRSSM-Comiss{\~a}o Nacional de Reestrutura{\c c}{\~a}o dos Servi{\c c}os de Sa{\'u}de Mental Relat{\'o}rio: Proposta de Plano de Ac{\c c}{\~a}o para a Reestrutura{\c c}{\~a}o e Desenvolvimento dos Servi{\c c}os de Sa{\'u}de Mental em Portugal; Copeland, J.R., Dewey, M.E., Griffiths-Jones, H.M., A computerized psychiatric diagnostic system and case nomenclature for elderly subjects: GMS and AGECAT (1986) Psychol. Med., 16, pp. 89-99; Copeland, J.R.M., Beekman, A.T.F., Braam, A.W., Dewey, M.E., Delespaul, P., Fuhrer, R., Hooijer, C., Wilson, K.C.M., Depression among older people in Europe: the EURODEP studies (2004) World Psychiatry, 3, pp. 45-49; Copeland, J.R.M., Prince, M., Wilson, K.C.M., Dewey, M.E., Payne, J., Gurland, B., The Geriatric Mental State Examination in the 21st century (2002) Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 17, pp. 729-732; Djernes, J.K., Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: a review (2006) Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 113, pp. 372-387; Dunn, G., Pickles, A., Tansella, M., V{\'a}zquez-Barquero, J.L., Two-phase epidemiological surveys in psychiatric research: Editorial (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 95-100; Gon{\c c}alves-Pereira, M., Cardoso, A., Verdelho, A., Alves da Silva, J., Caldas de Almeida, M., Fernandes, A., Raminhos, C., Xavier, M., The prevalence of dementia in a Portuguese community sample: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group study (2017) BMC Geriatr., 17, p. 261; Gon{\c c}alves-Pereira, M., Cardoso, A., Verdelho, A., Alves da Silva, J., Caldas de Almeida, M., Fernandes, A., Raminhos, C., Xavier, M., Implementa{\c c}{\~a}o em Portugal de um estudo de preval{\^e}ncia da dem{\^e}ncia e da depress{\~a}o geri{\'a}trica: a metodologia do 10/66 Dementia Research Group [Implementing a prevalence study of dementia and geriatric depression in Portugal: The 10/66 DRG methodology] (2016) Rev. Port. Sa{\'u}de P{\'u}blica, 34, pp. 134-143; Guerra, M., Ferri, C., Llibre, J., Prina, A., Prince, M., Psychometric properties of EURO-D, a geriatric depression scale: a cross-cultural validation study (2015) BMC Psychiatry, 15, p. 12; Guerra, M., Ferri, C.P., Sosa, A.L., Salas, A., Gaona, C., Gonzales, V., De La Torre, G.R., Prince, M., Late-life depression in Peru, Mexico and Venezuela: the 10/66 population-based study (2009) Br. J. Psychiatry, 195, pp. 510-515; Guerra, M., Prina, A.M., Ferri, C.P., Acosta, D., Gallardo, S., Huang, Y., Jacob, K.S., Prince, M., A comparative cross-cultural study of the prevalence of late life depression in low and middle income countries (2016) J. Affect. Disord., 190, pp. 362-368; Gusm{\~a}o, R.M., Depress{\~a}o: Detec{\c c}{\~a}o, Diagn{\'o}stico e Tratamento. Estudo de Preval{\^e}ncia e Despiste das Perturba{\c c}{\~o}es Depressivas em Cuidados de Sa{\'u}de Prim{\'a}rios (2005), Faculdade de Ci{\^e}ncias M{\'e}dicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Health at a Glance (2017), OECD Publishing; CENSOS 2011 - Instituto Nacional de Estat{\'i}stica / CAOP 2013 - Carta Administrativa Oficial Portuguesa [WWW Document] (2013), http://censos.ine.pt, URL accessed 7.13.15; Censos 2011: Resultados Definitivos (2012), Portugal; Kessler, R.C., Sampson, N.A., Berglund, P., Gruber, M.J., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L., Bunting, B., Wilcox, M.A., Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys (2015) Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci., 24, pp. 210-226; King, M., Walker, C., Levy, G., Bottomley, C., Royston, P., Weich, S., Bell{\'o}n-Saame{\~n}o, J.A., Nazareth, I., Development and validation of an international risk prediction algorithm for episodes of major depression in general practice attendees: the PredictD study (2008) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 65, pp. 1368-1376; Prina, A.M., Acosta, D., Acostas, I., Guerra, M., Huang, Y., Jotheeswaran, A.T., Jimenez-Velazquez, I.Z., Prince, M., Cohort Profile: the 10/66 study (2016) Int. J. Epidemiol., pp. 1-10; Prince, M., Commentary: two-phase surveys. A death is announced; no flowers please (2003) Int. J. Epidemiol., 32, pp. 1078-1080; Prince, M., Dementia in developing countries: a consensus statement from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group (2000) Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 15, pp. 14-20. , doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(200001)15:1<14::AID−GPS70>3.0.CO;2-8; Prince, M., Acosta, D., Chiu, H., Copeland, J., Dewey, M., Scazufca, M., Varghese, M., Effects of education and culture on the validity of the Geriatric Mental State and its AGECAT algorithm (2004) Br. J. Psychiatry, 185, pp. 429-436; Prince, M., Acosta, D., Chiu, H., Scazufca, M., Varghese, M., Dementia diagnosis in developing countries: a cross- cultural validation study (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 909-917; Prince, M., Ferri, C.P., Acosta, D., Albanese, E., Arizaga, R., Dewey, M., Gavrilova, S.I., Uwakwe, R., The protocols for the 10/66 dementia research group population-based research programme (2007) BMC Public Health, 7, p. 165; Prince, M.J., Beekman, A.T., Deeg, D.J., Fuhrer, R., Kivela, S.L., Lawlor, B.A., Lobo, A., Copeland, J.R., Depression symptoms in late life assessed using the EURO-D scale. Effect of age, gender and marital status in 14 European centres (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 339-345; Prince, M.J., de Rodriguez, J.L., Noriega, L., Lopez, A., Acosta, D., Albanese, E., Arizaga, R., Uwakwa, R., The 10/66 Dementia Research Group's fully operationalised DSM-IV dementia computerized diagnostic algorithm, compared with the 10/66 dementia algorithm and a clinician diagnosis: a population validation study (2008) BMC Public Health, 8, p. 219; Prince, M.J., Reischies, F., Beekman, A.T., Fuhrer, R., Jonker, C., Kivela, S.L., Lawlor, B.A., Copeland, J.R., Development of the EURO-D scale: a European Union initiative to compare symptoms of depression in 14 European centres (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 330-338; Santana, P., Costa, C., Cardoso, G., Loureiro, A., Ferr{\~a}o, J., Suicide in Portugal: spatial determinants in a context of economic crisis (2015) Health Place, 35, pp. 85-94; Sousa, R.D.D., Rodrigues, A.M., Greg{\'o}rio, M.J., Branco, J.D.C., Gouveia, M.J., Canh{\~a}o, H., Dias, S.S., Anxiety and depression in the Portuguese older adults: prevalence and associated factors (2017) Front. Med., 4, p. 196; Thielke, S.M., Diehr, P., Un{\"u}tzer, J., Unutzer, J., Prevalence, incidence, and persistence of major depressive symptoms in the Cardiovascular Health Study (2010) Aging Ment. Health, 14, pp. 168-176; van't Veer-Tazelaar, P.J., van Marwijk, H.W.J., van Oppen, P., van Hout, H.P.J., van der Horst, H.E., Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Beekman, A.T.F., Stepped-care prevention of anxiety and depression in late life: a randomized controlled trial (2009) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 66, pp. 297-304; Wilkinson, P., Izmeth, Z., Continuation and maintenance treatments for depression in older people (2012) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, , P. Wilkinson John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Chichester, UK; World Health Organization, (2017), WHO | WHO Guidelines on Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE), WHO. World Health Organization, Geneva; The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders (1992) Int. Classif., 10, pp. 1-267; Xavier, M., Baptista, H., Mendes, J.M., Magalh{\~a}es, P., Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M., Implementing the World Mental Health Survey Initiative in Portugal - rationale, design and fieldwork procedures (2013) Int. J. Ment. Health Syst., 7, p. 19",

year = "2019",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.067",

language = "English",

volume = "246",

pages = "674--681",

journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders",

issn = "0165-0327",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The prevalence of late-life depression in a Portuguese community sample: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group study

AU - Gonçalves-Pereira, M.

AU - Prina, A.Matthew

AU - Cardoso, Ana

AU - da Silva, J.A.

AU - Prince, Martin

AU - Xavier, M.

N1 - Export Date: 9 January 2019 CODEN: JADID Correspondence Address: Gonçalves-Pereira, M.; CEDOC, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de LisboaPortugal; email: [email protected] Funding details: Agency for Science, Technology and Research, PTDC/SAU-EPI/113652/2009 Funding details: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Funding details: Medical Research Council, MR/K021907/1 Funding text 1: This study was supported by a research grant from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , the Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology (Project reference PTDC/SAU-EPI/113652/2009 : “Prevalence of old age neuropsychiatric disorders: contribution to mental health policy in Portugal”; PI: Miguel Xavier). A. Matthew Prina was supported by the Medical Research Council ( MR/K021907/1 ). References: Baldwin, R., Mood disorders: depressive disorders (2008) Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry, pp. 529-556. , R. Jacoby C. Oppenheimer T. Dening A. Thomas Oxford University Press Oxford; Barreto, J., Envelhecimento e Saúde Mental: Estudo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica no Concelho de Matosinhos (1984), Faculdade de Medicina do Porto; Beekman, A.T., Copeland, J.R., Prince, M.J., Review of community prevalence of depression in later life (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 307-311; Braam, A.W., Copeland, J.R.M., Delespaul, P.A.E.G., Beekman, A.T.F., Como, A., Dewey, M., Fichter, M., Skoog, I., Depression, subthreshold depression and comorbid anxiety symptoms in older Europeans: results from the EURODEP concerted action (2014) J. Affect. Disord., 155, pp. 266-272; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M., Xavier, M., Cardoso, G., Gonçalves-Pereira, M., Gusmão, R.M., Corrêa, B.B., Gago, J., da Silva, J.A., Estudo Epidemiológico Nacional de Saúde Mental: 1º Relatório. Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (2013), Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon; Castro-Costa, E., Dewey, M., Stewart, R., Banerjee, S., Huppert, F., Mendonça-Lima, C., Bula, C., Prince, M., Ascertaining late-life depressive symptoms in Europe: an evaluation of the survey version of the EURO-D scale in 10 nations. The SHARE project (2008) Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res., 17, pp. 12-29; Castro-Costa, E., Dewey, M., Stewart, R., Banerjee, S., Huppert, F., Mendonça-Lima, C., Bula, C., Prince, M., Prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in later life in ten European countries : the SHARE study (2007) Br. J. Psychiatry, 191, pp. 393-401; (2008), pp. 2007-2016. , CNRSSM-Comissão Nacional de Reestruturação dos Serviços de Saúde Mental Relatório: Proposta de Plano de Acção para a Reestruturação e Desenvolvimento dos Serviços de Saúde Mental em Portugal; Copeland, J.R., Dewey, M.E., Griffiths-Jones, H.M., A computerized psychiatric diagnostic system and case nomenclature for elderly subjects: GMS and AGECAT (1986) Psychol. Med., 16, pp. 89-99; Copeland, J.R.M., Beekman, A.T.F., Braam, A.W., Dewey, M.E., Delespaul, P., Fuhrer, R., Hooijer, C., Wilson, K.C.M., Depression among older people in Europe: the EURODEP studies (2004) World Psychiatry, 3, pp. 45-49; Copeland, J.R.M., Prince, M., Wilson, K.C.M., Dewey, M.E., Payne, J., Gurland, B., The Geriatric Mental State Examination in the 21st century (2002) Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 17, pp. 729-732; Djernes, J.K., Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: a review (2006) Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 113, pp. 372-387; Dunn, G., Pickles, A., Tansella, M., Vázquez-Barquero, J.L., Two-phase epidemiological surveys in psychiatric research: Editorial (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 95-100; Gonçalves-Pereira, M., Cardoso, A., Verdelho, A., Alves da Silva, J., Caldas de Almeida, M., Fernandes, A., Raminhos, C., Xavier, M., The prevalence of dementia in a Portuguese community sample: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group study (2017) BMC Geriatr., 17, p. 261; Gonçalves-Pereira, M., Cardoso, A., Verdelho, A., Alves da Silva, J., Caldas de Almeida, M., Fernandes, A., Raminhos, C., Xavier, M., Implementação em Portugal de um estudo de prevalência da demência e da depressão geriátrica: a metodologia do 10/66 Dementia Research Group [Implementing a prevalence study of dementia and geriatric depression in Portugal: The 10/66 DRG methodology] (2016) Rev. Port. Saúde Pública, 34, pp. 134-143; Guerra, M., Ferri, C., Llibre, J., Prina, A., Prince, M., Psychometric properties of EURO-D, a geriatric depression scale: a cross-cultural validation study (2015) BMC Psychiatry, 15, p. 12; Guerra, M., Ferri, C.P., Sosa, A.L., Salas, A., Gaona, C., Gonzales, V., De La Torre, G.R., Prince, M., Late-life depression in Peru, Mexico and Venezuela: the 10/66 population-based study (2009) Br. J. Psychiatry, 195, pp. 510-515; Guerra, M., Prina, A.M., Ferri, C.P., Acosta, D., Gallardo, S., Huang, Y., Jacob, K.S., Prince, M., A comparative cross-cultural study of the prevalence of late life depression in low and middle income countries (2016) J. Affect. Disord., 190, pp. 362-368; Gusmão, R.M., Depressão: Detecção, Diagnóstico e Tratamento. Estudo de Prevalência e Despiste das Perturbações Depressivas em Cuidados de Saúde Primários (2005), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Health at a Glance (2017), OECD Publishing; CENSOS 2011 - Instituto Nacional de Estatística / CAOP 2013 - Carta Administrativa Oficial Portuguesa [WWW Document] (2013), http://censos.ine.pt, URL accessed 7.13.15; Censos 2011: Resultados Definitivos (2012), Portugal; Kessler, R.C., Sampson, N.A., Berglund, P., Gruber, M.J., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L., Bunting, B., Wilcox, M.A., Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys (2015) Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci., 24, pp. 210-226; King, M., Walker, C., Levy, G., Bottomley, C., Royston, P., Weich, S., Bellón-Saameño, J.A., Nazareth, I., Development and validation of an international risk prediction algorithm for episodes of major depression in general practice attendees: the PredictD study (2008) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 65, pp. 1368-1376; Prina, A.M., Acosta, D., Acostas, I., Guerra, M., Huang, Y., Jotheeswaran, A.T., Jimenez-Velazquez, I.Z., Prince, M., Cohort Profile: the 10/66 study (2016) Int. J. Epidemiol., pp. 1-10; Prince, M., Commentary: two-phase surveys. A death is announced; no flowers please (2003) Int. J. Epidemiol., 32, pp. 1078-1080; Prince, M., Dementia in developing countries: a consensus statement from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group (2000) Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 15, pp. 14-20. , doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(200001)15:1<14::AID−GPS70>3.0.CO;2-8; Prince, M., Acosta, D., Chiu, H., Copeland, J., Dewey, M., Scazufca, M., Varghese, M., Effects of education and culture on the validity of the Geriatric Mental State and its AGECAT algorithm (2004) Br. J. Psychiatry, 185, pp. 429-436; Prince, M., Acosta, D., Chiu, H., Scazufca, M., Varghese, M., Dementia diagnosis in developing countries: a cross- cultural validation study (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 909-917; Prince, M., Ferri, C.P., Acosta, D., Albanese, E., Arizaga, R., Dewey, M., Gavrilova, S.I., Uwakwe, R., The protocols for the 10/66 dementia research group population-based research programme (2007) BMC Public Health, 7, p. 165; Prince, M.J., Beekman, A.T., Deeg, D.J., Fuhrer, R., Kivela, S.L., Lawlor, B.A., Lobo, A., Copeland, J.R., Depression symptoms in late life assessed using the EURO-D scale. Effect of age, gender and marital status in 14 European centres (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 339-345; Prince, M.J., de Rodriguez, J.L., Noriega, L., Lopez, A., Acosta, D., Albanese, E., Arizaga, R., Uwakwa, R., The 10/66 Dementia Research Group's fully operationalised DSM-IV dementia computerized diagnostic algorithm, compared with the 10/66 dementia algorithm and a clinician diagnosis: a population validation study (2008) BMC Public Health, 8, p. 219; Prince, M.J., Reischies, F., Beekman, A.T., Fuhrer, R., Jonker, C., Kivela, S.L., Lawlor, B.A., Copeland, J.R., Development of the EURO-D scale: a European Union initiative to compare symptoms of depression in 14 European centres (1999) Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, pp. 330-338; Santana, P., Costa, C., Cardoso, G., Loureiro, A., Ferrão, J., Suicide in Portugal: spatial determinants in a context of economic crisis (2015) Health Place, 35, pp. 85-94; Sousa, R.D.D., Rodrigues, A.M., Gregório, M.J., Branco, J.D.C., Gouveia, M.J., Canhão, H., Dias, S.S., Anxiety and depression in the Portuguese older adults: prevalence and associated factors (2017) Front. Med., 4, p. 196; Thielke, S.M., Diehr, P., Unützer, J., Unutzer, J., Prevalence, incidence, and persistence of major depressive symptoms in the Cardiovascular Health Study (2010) Aging Ment. Health, 14, pp. 168-176; van't Veer-Tazelaar, P.J., van Marwijk, H.W.J., van Oppen, P., van Hout, H.P.J., van der Horst, H.E., Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Beekman, A.T.F., Stepped-care prevention of anxiety and depression in late life: a randomized controlled trial (2009) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 66, pp. 297-304; Wilkinson, P., Izmeth, Z., Continuation and maintenance treatments for depression in older people (2012) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, , P. Wilkinson John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Chichester, UK; World Health Organization, (2017), WHO | WHO Guidelines on Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE), WHO. World Health Organization, Geneva; The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders (1992) Int. Classif., 10, pp. 1-267; Xavier, M., Baptista, H., Mendes, J.M., Magalhães, P., Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M., Implementing the World Mental Health Survey Initiative in Portugal - rationale, design and fieldwork procedures (2013) Int. J. Ment. Health Syst., 7, p. 19

PY - 2019/3

Y1 - 2019/3

N2 - Background: Late life depression is associated with a significant burden of disease. Estimating depression in older adults can be difficult and requires different methodological approaches from those fitting younger adults. As community prevalence data is scarce in Portugal, we estimated the prevalence of depression in a sample of older Portuguese adults. Moreover, we investigated the association between depression and disability. Methods: A cross-sectional comprehensive one-phase survey was conducted of all residents aged 65 and over of one urban and one rural catchment area in Southern Portugal. Standardized 10/66 assessments include a comprehensive cognitive module and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS)-AGECAT. Information on demographics, non-communicable disease risk factors and disability/functioning (WHODAS 2.0) was also recorded. Depression was assessed using both ICD-10 and EURO-D criteria. Results: We interviewed 1405 older people (mean age 74.9, SD = 6.7 years; 55.5% women) after 313 (18.2%) refusals to participate. The prevalence rate for ICD-10 depression was 4.4 (95% CI 3.5–5.6) and 18.0 (95% CI 16.0–20.1) using the EURO-D case definition. As compared with having no depression, ICD-10 depression was associated with a higher level of disability, even after adjusting for confounders (4.8, 95% CI 2.8–8.1). The same happened with subsyndromal depression (‘EURO-D only’) cases (2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5). Limitations: Non-generalisability of findings outside of catchment areas. Conclusions: In this sample of older Portuguese people, the prevalence of depression was high and so were the associated levels of disability. EURO-D diagnoses may provide a better picture of clinically significant old age depression as a basis for health and social service planning. © 2018

AB - Background: Late life depression is associated with a significant burden of disease. Estimating depression in older adults can be difficult and requires different methodological approaches from those fitting younger adults. As community prevalence data is scarce in Portugal, we estimated the prevalence of depression in a sample of older Portuguese adults. Moreover, we investigated the association between depression and disability. Methods: A cross-sectional comprehensive one-phase survey was conducted of all residents aged 65 and over of one urban and one rural catchment area in Southern Portugal. Standardized 10/66 assessments include a comprehensive cognitive module and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS)-AGECAT. Information on demographics, non-communicable disease risk factors and disability/functioning (WHODAS 2.0) was also recorded. Depression was assessed using both ICD-10 and EURO-D criteria. Results: We interviewed 1405 older people (mean age 74.9, SD = 6.7 years; 55.5% women) after 313 (18.2%) refusals to participate. The prevalence rate for ICD-10 depression was 4.4 (95% CI 3.5–5.6) and 18.0 (95% CI 16.0–20.1) using the EURO-D case definition. As compared with having no depression, ICD-10 depression was associated with a higher level of disability, even after adjusting for confounders (4.8, 95% CI 2.8–8.1). The same happened with subsyndromal depression (‘EURO-D only’) cases (2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5). Limitations: Non-generalisability of findings outside of catchment areas. Conclusions: In this sample of older Portuguese people, the prevalence of depression was high and so were the associated levels of disability. EURO-D diagnoses may provide a better picture of clinically significant old age depression as a basis for health and social service planning. © 2018

KW - Depression

KW - Epidemiology

KW - EURO-D

KW - Older-age

KW - Prevalence

U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.067

DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.067

M3 - Article

C2 - 30611911

SN - 0165-0327

VL - 246

SP - 674

EP - 681

JO - Journal of Affective Disorders

JF - Journal of Affective Disorders

ER -

The prevalence of late-life depression in a Portuguese community sample: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group study

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UN SDGs

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