The Golden Age of Tax Expenditures: Fiscal Welfare and Inequality in Portugal (1989–2011)

Business & Economics

• Tax Expenditures 100%
• Portugal 70%
• Fiscal 57%
• Social Policy 56%
• Social Protection 37%
• Income Distribution 36%
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 36%
• Economic Adjustment 34%
• Vested Interests 32%
• Conditionality 32%
• Tax 31%
• Market Making 31%
• Economic Reform 31%
• Mortgage Loan 30%
• Reconfiguration 29%
• Government Budget 28%
• Bailout 28%
• Welfare State 27%
• Great Recession 26%
• Democracy 24%
• Policy Making 22%
• Targeting 21%
• Expenses 19%
• Healthcare 16%
• Education 14%

Social Sciences

• Portugal 71%
• taxes 65%
• expenditures 65%
• welfare 55%
• Social Policy 31%
• social expenditures 26%
• path dependent 24%
• structural reform 23%
• income distribution 22%
• social stratum 20%
• economic reform 19%
• social studies 18%
• recession 18%
• loan 18%
• OECD 17%
• welfare state 17%
• budget 14%
• Healthcare 14%
• democracy 12%
• market 10%
• economics 7%
• Group 5%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• tax 80%
• expenditure 75%
• social policy 53%
• social protection 30%
• conditionality 30%
• income distribution 27%
• economic reform 27%
• democracy 24%
• OECD 22%
• policy making 20%
• health care 19%
• targeting 18%
• budget 15%
• market 13%
• transition 11%
• economics 10%
• program 9%
• rate 6%