TY - JOUR
T1 - Testing the harmfulness of chemical cleaning methods for the removal of incrustations from a glazed stoneware public artwork
AU - Teixeira, Soraia
AU - Vilarigues, Márcia
AU - Lima, Augusta
AU - Branquinho, Rita
AU - Dias, Luís
AU - Coutinho, Mathilda L.
N1 - info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00729%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00729%2F2020/PT#
UID-B/50025/2020
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04449%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04449%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2017/CEECIND%2F00349%2F2017%2FCP1431%2FCT0004/PT#
ALT20-03-0246-FEDER-000036 - LITHOS
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Incrustations are a common conservation problem, particularly in artworks exposed to water. Calcium-rich layers tend to build over their surface making cleaning interventions necessary to improve the chemical stability and restore readability. Harmfulness tests are crucial for selecting cleaning methodologies for glazed surfaces due to their mechanical and chemical susceptibility. This study selected a combination of cleaning methods to test their adequacy to remove a Ca incrustations from a modern glazed artwork. The tested methods were mechanical (dry-blasting with sand, alumina and peach) and chemical (HNO3, Na3EDTA, Ionex H and Kalkrent® an “environmental friendly” commercial detergent). To assess the effect of the cleaning methods replica substrates of the glazed ceramic were subjected to the different methodologies. Harmfulness was assessed by: (i) mass variation measurements to evaluate the material loss; (ii) microscopy techniques (optical, scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy) to evaluate morphological and surface topography alterations and (iii) μ-Raman to detect changes in the glass structure. Results indicated that the glassy phase was the most affected, and Ionex H was the less harmful of the tested cleaning products. The first in situ testing revealed that a combined approach will be most effective using microblasting for reducing the thickness of the incrustation, followed by the selected chemical method Ionex H.
AB - Incrustations are a common conservation problem, particularly in artworks exposed to water. Calcium-rich layers tend to build over their surface making cleaning interventions necessary to improve the chemical stability and restore readability. Harmfulness tests are crucial for selecting cleaning methodologies for glazed surfaces due to their mechanical and chemical susceptibility. This study selected a combination of cleaning methods to test their adequacy to remove a Ca incrustations from a modern glazed artwork. The tested methods were mechanical (dry-blasting with sand, alumina and peach) and chemical (HNO3, Na3EDTA, Ionex H and Kalkrent® an “environmental friendly” commercial detergent). To assess the effect of the cleaning methods replica substrates of the glazed ceramic were subjected to the different methodologies. Harmfulness was assessed by: (i) mass variation measurements to evaluate the material loss; (ii) microscopy techniques (optical, scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy) to evaluate morphological and surface topography alterations and (iii) μ-Raman to detect changes in the glass structure. Results indicated that the glassy phase was the most affected, and Ionex H was the less harmful of the tested cleaning products. The first in situ testing revealed that a combined approach will be most effective using microblasting for reducing the thickness of the incrustation, followed by the selected chemical method Ionex H.
KW - Ceramic
KW - Cleaning
KW - Conservation-restoration
KW - Glaze
KW - Harmfulness
KW - Incrustations
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125472020&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.culher.2022.02.007
DO - 10.1016/j.culher.2022.02.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85125472020
SN - 1296-2074
VL - 55
SP - 48
EP - 57
JO - Journal of Cultural Heritage
JF - Journal of Cultural Heritage
ER -