TY - JOUR
T1 - Tailoring the electrical characteristics of poly(vinylidene fluoride) hybrid composites incorporating the metal organic framework HKUST-1 and nanoconfined [Bmim]2[NiCl4] ionic liquid
AU - Gonçalves, Bruna F.
AU - Martins, Luis Amaro
AU - Tort-Ausina, Isabel
AU - Balado, Andreu Andrio
AU - Correia, Daniela M.
AU - Fernandes, Liliana
AU - Tariq, M.
AU - Esperança, José M.S.S.
AU - Costa, Carlos M.
AU - Sabater i Serra, Roser
AU - Gomez Ribelles, José Luis
AU - Lanceros-Méndez, Senentxu
N1 - info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Avaliação UID 2023%2F2024/UID%2F04650%2F2025/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Avaliação UID 2023%2F2024/UID%2F00686%2F2025/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso para Atribuição do Estatuto e Financiamento de Laboratórios Associados (LA)/LA%2FP%2F0008%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de Projetos de I&D em Todos os Domínios Científicos - 2022 - ICDT/2022.03931.PTDC/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de Projetos de I&D em Todos os Domínios Científicos - 2022 - PEX/2022.05932.PTDC/PT#
This study forms part of the Advanced Materials programme and was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1), by Generalitat Valenciana and by the IKUR program of the Basque Government. The authors thank the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for financial Support under the
framework of Strategic Funding UID/FIS/04650/2020, UID/50006/2023 and under project POCI-01-0247-FEDER046985 funded by national funds through FCT and by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI). The authors also thank the FCT for financial
support under FCT investigator contract 2020.02915.CEECIND (D.M.C).
The authors thank the Basque Government Education and Industry departments for funding under the IKUR and Elkartek programs, respectively. This research was also supported by CIBER -Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red- (CB06/01/1026), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. The Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politècnica de València is gratefully acknowledged for helping with HR-FESEM characterisation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 The Authors.
PY - 2026/6
Y1 - 2026/6
N2 - This study reports ternary hybrid composites based on a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer matrix incorporating metal-organic framework (MOF) microparticles (HKUST-1), and an ionic liquid (IL) (bis(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrachloronickelate ([Bmim]2[NiCl4])), the pores of HKUST-1 being filled with the IL to tune the composite's electrical response. It is shown that introducing MOF and IL separately promotes nucleation of the electroactive phase of the polymer. However, the electroactive phase content of the PVDF/HKUST/IL composite lies between that of the MOF and IL composites. In IL-containing composites, the dielectric response is dominated by interfacial polarisation and a conductivity-related peak, which mask the β -relaxation. The distribution of IL throughout the PVDF matrix and at the MOF-polymer interfaces causes the PVDF/HKUST/IL hybrid composite to display intermediate conductivity values between those of the PVDF/HKUST and PVDF/IL systems. While the IL dispersed within the PVDF matrix promotes ion transport and enhances conductivity, the IL located at the MOF-polymer interfaces may experience partial confinement or limited mobility. This dual-confinement effect allows for the precise “tuning” of conductivity and dielectric relaxation. The tailoring of electrical characteristics of these ternary composites provides a pathway for the development of electroactive materials suitable for a wide range of application requirements.
AB - This study reports ternary hybrid composites based on a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer matrix incorporating metal-organic framework (MOF) microparticles (HKUST-1), and an ionic liquid (IL) (bis(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrachloronickelate ([Bmim]2[NiCl4])), the pores of HKUST-1 being filled with the IL to tune the composite's electrical response. It is shown that introducing MOF and IL separately promotes nucleation of the electroactive phase of the polymer. However, the electroactive phase content of the PVDF/HKUST/IL composite lies between that of the MOF and IL composites. In IL-containing composites, the dielectric response is dominated by interfacial polarisation and a conductivity-related peak, which mask the β -relaxation. The distribution of IL throughout the PVDF matrix and at the MOF-polymer interfaces causes the PVDF/HKUST/IL hybrid composite to display intermediate conductivity values between those of the PVDF/HKUST and PVDF/IL systems. While the IL dispersed within the PVDF matrix promotes ion transport and enhances conductivity, the IL located at the MOF-polymer interfaces may experience partial confinement or limited mobility. This dual-confinement effect allows for the precise “tuning” of conductivity and dielectric relaxation. The tailoring of electrical characteristics of these ternary composites provides a pathway for the development of electroactive materials suitable for a wide range of application requirements.
KW - Dielectric response
KW - Electric modulus
KW - Electrical conductivity
KW - Hybrid composites
KW - Ionic liquids
KW - MOFs
KW - PVDF
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105032624615
U2 - 10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100797
DO - 10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100797
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105032624615
SN - 2588-8420
VL - 34
JO - Materials Today Nano
JF - Materials Today Nano
M1 - 100797
ER -