Systematic Literature Review on Gig Economy: Power Dynamics, Worker Autonomy, and the Role of Social Networks

This study explores the dynamics of the collective agency among gig workers in the digital platform economy, focusing on three key research questions. First, it examines power dynamics, worker autonomy, and the role of social networks in mitigating power imbalances imposed by digital platforms. Second, it investigates how algorithmic management affects gig workers’ agency and their capacity for collective action. Lastly, it proposes directions for future research to address power imbalances and enhance worker empowerment. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis of 59 scholarly articles, this study reveals that gig workers, despite the control exerted by opaque algorithms, leverage social networks to enhance their autonomy and bargaining power. These networks enable information sharing, negotiation strategies, and collective actions that challenge platform-driven power asymmetries. The study proposes a comprehensive framework illustrating the interplay of economic, technological, social, and regulatory forces affecting gig workers. These insights offer practical implications for policymakers and platform developers aiming to foster a more equitable gig economy. Future research should explore the long-term impacts on worker well-being and assess the effectiveness of regulatory interventions in addressing power imbalances.