TY - JOUR
T1 - Stern-judging: A simple, successful norm which promotes cooperation under indirect reciprocity
AU - Pacheco, Jorge M.
AU - Santos, Francisco C.
AU - Chalub, Fábio Augusto da Costa Carvalho
N1 - JMP acknowledges support from FCT, Portugal, and the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics at Harvard University. FCS acknowledges the support of COMP2SYS, a Marie Curie Early Stage Training Site, funded by the European Community through the HRM activity. FACCC was supported by project POCI/MAT/57546/2004.
PY - 2006/12
Y1 - 2006/12
N2 - We study the evolution of cooperation under indirect reciprocity, believed to constitute the biological basis of morality. We employ an evolutionary game theoretical model of multilevel selection, and show that natural selection and mutation lead to the emergence of a robust and simple social norm, which we call stern-judging. Under stern-judging, helping a good individual or refusing help to a bad individual leads to a good reputation, whereas refusing help to a good individual or helping a bad one leads to a bad reputation. Similarly for tit-for-tat and win-stay-lose-shift, the simplest ubiquitous strategies in direct reciprocity, the lack of ambiguity of stern-judging, where implacable punishment is compensated by prompt forgiving, supports the idea that simplicity is often associated with evolutionary success.
AB - We study the evolution of cooperation under indirect reciprocity, believed to constitute the biological basis of morality. We employ an evolutionary game theoretical model of multilevel selection, and show that natural selection and mutation lead to the emergence of a robust and simple social norm, which we call stern-judging. Under stern-judging, helping a good individual or refusing help to a bad individual leads to a good reputation, whereas refusing help to a good individual or helping a bad one leads to a bad reputation. Similarly for tit-for-tat and win-stay-lose-shift, the simplest ubiquitous strategies in direct reciprocity, the lack of ambiguity of stern-judging, where implacable punishment is compensated by prompt forgiving, supports the idea that simplicity is often associated with evolutionary success.
KW - ALTRUISTIC PUNISHMENT
KW - SOCIAL NORMS
KW - EVOLUTION
KW - COEVOLUTION
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020178
DO - 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020178
M3 - Article
C2 - 17196034
SN - 1553-734X
VL - 2
SP - 1634
EP - 1638
JO - PLoS Computational Biology
JF - PLoS Computational Biology
IS - 12
ER -