Pour un bilan de l'historiographie sur le Moyen Age Portugais au XX^e siècle

During the XXth century, the medievistic portuguese historiography travelled down contrasted phases. A long XIXth century, to the 1920's, with A. Herculano, endows the methodic historical resarch with strong heuristic and conceptual bases, influenced by the germanic historiography. But, later, to the 1970's, this fund collapses ; the portuguese medievalism retreats into a nationalist history (the «origins of the Nation», the «great men», the glorious military facts) marked by the juridico-institutionnal approaches in the social history, the academics are compelled to support the Salazarist system and give themselves away the scientific evolutions in process in the rest of Europe. Despite the penetration, in the 1960's, of the «french» historiographic tendances (in relation with the Annales), there are only the 1980's, after the « carnations' revolution », which expand the universitary historical research and introduce new approaches, less historicistic ; the urban history (with A. H. Oliveira Marques) and the history of aristocracy (with J. Mattoso) become forefront areas of research at the european scale ; the portuguese academics enter in the great international enterprises ; and foreign researchers, especially french, begin to study the portuguese Middle Ages.