Planning for solar smart cities

In order to respond to the growing urbanization process and subsequent energy demand, methodological approaches which implement alternative urban models are required to support the indispensable change towards more energy efficient cities. This paper discusses the solar energy potential of built environments and explores how urban planning can contribute to converting existing cities into Solar Smart Cities. To support this study, a performance-based analysis was done on an existing urban area taking into account the solar potential of roofs and the optimization of power distribution networks across the city neighbourhood. Using GIS and dynamic simulation software, urban morphological parameters and land use patterns have been identified and characterized to support the urban planning process. Statistical data of energy consumption at the neighbourhood level were used to estimate peak to off-peak periods taking into account current uses of buildings and their duration, frequency and temporal distribution during the day. This study shows the positive contribution that solar energy can offer at building block level and how urban planning and energy management supported by a solar smart grid can be important tools to reach the energy balance across a whole city.