Optimisation of time-varying asset pricing models with penetration of value at risk and expected shortfall

Adeel Nasir, Kanwal Iqbal Khan, Mário Nuno Mata, Pedro Neves Mata, Jéssica Nunes Martins

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)
32 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

This study aims to apply value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) as time-varying systematic and idiosyncratic risk factors to address the downside risk anomaly of various asset pricing models currently existing in the Pakistan stock exchange. The study analyses the significance of high minus low VaR and ES portfolios as a systematic risk factor in one factor, three-factor, and five-factor asset pricing model. Furthermore, the study introduced the six-factor model, deploying VaR and ES as the idiosyncratic risk factor. The theoretical and empirical alteration of traditional asset pricing models is the study’s contributions. This study reported a strong positive relationship of traditional market beta, value at risk, and expected shortfall. Market beta pertains its superiority in estimating the time-varying stock returns. Furthermore, value at risk and expected shortfall strengthen the effects of traditional beta impact on stock returns, signifying the proposed six-factor asset pricing model. Investment and profitability factors are redundant in conventional asset pricing models.

Original languageEnglish
Article number394
Pages (from-to)1-39
Number of pages39
JournalMathematics
Volume9
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2 Feb 2021

Keywords

  • Asset pricing
  • CAPM
  • Expected shortfall
  • Fama and French
  • Mathematical modelling
  • Risk and return
  • Risk management
  • Value at risk
  • VaR

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