TY - JOUR
T1 - Olfactory responses of Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) to host and habitat cues
AU - Branco, Sofia
AU - Mateus, Eduardo Pires
AU - Richter Gomes da Silva, Marco Diogo
AU - Mendes, Davide
AU - Pereira, Maria Manuela Araújo
AU - Schütz, Stefan
AU - Paiva, Maria Rosa
N1 - Funding Information:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/SFRH%2FBD%2F84412%2F2012/PT#
. We would like to thank Ulrike Eisenwiener, Dr. Bernhard Weissbecker, Dr. Gerrit Holighaus, Dr. Christine Rachow and Dr. Martin Gabriel from the Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Protection, University of Göttingen, DE, for support with the electrophysiological and behavioural bioassays, and to Dr. Helena Santos and MSc. Mónica Almeida for assistance with the maintenance of a Gonipterus laboratory culture. This work was supported by CENSE (Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research) which is financed by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., Portugal (UID/AMB/04085/2020) and by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry, LAQV which is financed by national funds from Fundaçãopara a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., Portugal (UID/QUI/50006/2020) and co-financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007265) and by the PDR2020 project GO-fitoglobulus (PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-031159).
Funding Information:
Sofia Branco received a PhD scholarship from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., Portugal (FCT)—SFRH/BD/84412/2012. We would like to thank Ulrike Eisenwiener, Dr. Bernhard Weissbecker, Dr. Gerrit Holighaus, Dr. Christine Rachow and Dr. Martin Gabriel from the Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Protection, University of Göttingen, DE, for support with the electrophysiological and behavioural bioassays, and to Dr. Helena Santos and MSc. Mónica Almeida for assistance with the maintenance of a Gonipterus laboratory culture. This work was supported by CENSE (Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research) which is financed by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., Portugal (UID/AMB/04085/2020) and by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry, LAQV which is financed by national funds from Fundaçãopara a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., Portugal (UID/QUI/50006/2020) and co‐financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐007265) and by the PDR2020 project GO‐fitoglobulus (PDR2020‐1.0.1‐FEADER‐031159).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - The eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus spp. Schoenherr, 1833 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is considered a major pest of eucalyptus plantations. In regions where control is achieved, success is usually brought by the action of the solitary egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Girault, 1928) (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae). Research was conducted to ascertain which cues might mediate female wasp host location and selection. In Petri dish arenas, females were attracted to Gonipterus platensis Marelli, 1927 egg capsules, to G. platensis mated female faeces and to leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1799. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry electroantennographic detection analysis was conducted using extracts obtained from leaves of E. globulus, from G. platensis egg capsules, as well as from adults of both sexes and their faeces, in order to detect and identify compounds perceived by the wasp's olfactory system. The parasitoids were shown to detect a wide range of compounds emitted by each one of these sources, and for 31 compounds, antennal response was confirmed by dose-response tests. Further behavioural trials were conducted in Petri dishes in order to decode the effect, on parasitoid behaviour, of selected compounds emitted by E. globulus and of the pheromones, emitted by the weevils on parasitoid behaviour. Attraction was observed to two compounds emitted by E. globulus, namely 1,8-cineole and γ-terpinene, and to the main component of the male sex/aggregation pheromone, cis-verbenol. To our knowledge, this is the first report of attraction of a parasitoid from the family Mymaridae to a component of its host's sexual/aggregation pheromone. Similarly, to other egg parasitoid species, A. nitens females are likely to use the host plant volatiles as long-range host location cues and to adopt the ‘infochemical detour’ strategy in order to get in the vicinity of their hosts.
AB - The eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus spp. Schoenherr, 1833 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is considered a major pest of eucalyptus plantations. In regions where control is achieved, success is usually brought by the action of the solitary egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Girault, 1928) (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae). Research was conducted to ascertain which cues might mediate female wasp host location and selection. In Petri dish arenas, females were attracted to Gonipterus platensis Marelli, 1927 egg capsules, to G. platensis mated female faeces and to leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1799. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry electroantennographic detection analysis was conducted using extracts obtained from leaves of E. globulus, from G. platensis egg capsules, as well as from adults of both sexes and their faeces, in order to detect and identify compounds perceived by the wasp's olfactory system. The parasitoids were shown to detect a wide range of compounds emitted by each one of these sources, and for 31 compounds, antennal response was confirmed by dose-response tests. Further behavioural trials were conducted in Petri dishes in order to decode the effect, on parasitoid behaviour, of selected compounds emitted by E. globulus and of the pheromones, emitted by the weevils on parasitoid behaviour. Attraction was observed to two compounds emitted by E. globulus, namely 1,8-cineole and γ-terpinene, and to the main component of the male sex/aggregation pheromone, cis-verbenol. To our knowledge, this is the first report of attraction of a parasitoid from the family Mymaridae to a component of its host's sexual/aggregation pheromone. Similarly, to other egg parasitoid species, A. nitens females are likely to use the host plant volatiles as long-range host location cues and to adopt the ‘infochemical detour’ strategy in order to get in the vicinity of their hosts.
KW - egg parasitoid
KW - GC-MS/EAD
KW - GC/MS
KW - infochemical detour
KW - semiochemicals
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102792702&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/jen.12877
DO - 10.1111/jen.12877
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85102792702
SN - 0931-2048
VL - 145
SP - 675
EP - 687
JO - Journal Of Applied Entomology
JF - Journal Of Applied Entomology
IS - 7
ER -