@article{1a7699e618394b1390ec901f7264e682,
title = "Notes on the history and uses of thistles and Cynara cardunculus L. in Portugal",
abstract = "This paper presents and discusses some of the historical applications of thistles in the Portuguese heritage, such as in art and in culinary, since Roman times. Nowadays, the use of thistles is almost limited to the manufacture of cheese, where an aqueous extract of Cynara cardunculus L. dried flowers is added to milk for the coagulation process.",
keywords = "Cardoon, Cheese, Cookery, Cynara cardunculus L, Thistles",
author = "Jo{\~a}o Dias and {de Carvalho}, {Lu{\'i}s Mendon{\c c}a}",
note = "Funding Information: List of abbreviations: Not applicable. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable - pure literature research. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors have no conflict of interest. Funding: This research was funded by Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, grant number UIDP/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec) and IHC-CEHFC (Evora University and Nova Lisbon University) and Polytechnic University of Beja. Authors' contributions: All authors contributed to the manuscript equally. Photo credits All photos belong to Jo{\~a}o Dias (author), except when stated otherwise. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024, Ilia State University, Institute of Botany, Department of Ethnobotany. All rights reserved.",
year = "2024",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.32859/era.28.22.1-12",
language = "English",
volume = "28",
journal = "Ethnobotany Research and Applications",
issn = "1547-3465",
publisher = "University of Hawaii Press",
}