Nanostructured LiFe₅O₈ by a biogenic method for applications from electronics to medicine

The physical properties of the cubic and ferrimagnetic spinel ferrite LiFe₅O₈ has made it an attractive material for electronic and medical applications. In this work, LiFe₅O₈ nanosized crystallites were synthesized by a novel and eco-friendly sol-gel process, by using powder coconut water as a mediated reaction medium. The dried powders were heat-treated (HT) at temperatures between 400 and 1000^◦C, and their structure, morphology, electrical and magnetic characteristics, cytotoxicity, and magnetic hyperthermia assays were performed. The heat treatment of the LiFe₅O₈ powder tunes the crystallite sizes between 50 nm and 200 nm. When increasing the temperature of the HT, secondary phases start to form. The dielectric analysis revealed, at 300 K and 10 kHz, an increase of ε^′ (≈10 up to ≈14) with a tan δ almost constant (≈0.3) with the increase of the HT temperature. The cytotoxicity results reveal, for concentrations below 2.5 mg/mL, that all samples have a non-cytotoxicity property. The sample heat-treated at 1000^◦C, which revealed hysteresis and magnetic saturation of 73 emu g⁻¹ at 300 K, showed a heating profile adequate for magnetic hyperthermia applications, showing the potential for biomedical applications.