TY - JOUR
T1 - Multiscale socio-ecological networks in the age of information
AU - Lenormand, Maxime
AU - Luque, Sandra
AU - Langemeyer, Johannes
AU - Tenerelli, Patrizia
AU - Zulian, Grazia
AU - Aalders, Inge
AU - Chivulescu, Serban
AU - Clemente, Pedro
AU - Dick, Jan
AU - Van Dijk, Jiska
AU - Van Eupen, Michiel
AU - Giuca, Relu C.
AU - Kopperoinen, Leena
AU - Lellei-Kovács, Eszter
AU - Leone, Michael
AU - Lieskovský, Juraj
AU - Schirpke, Uta
AU - Smith, Alison C.
AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike
AU - Woods, Helen
N1 - This publication has been funded by the ALTER-Net network through the ALTER-Net High Impact Action program. This study was partially supported by the FP7 OpenNESS project (grant agreement 308428). ML thanks the French National Research Agency for its financial support (project NetCost, ANR-17-CE03-0003 grant).
PY - 2018/11/1
Y1 - 2018/11/1
N2 - Interactions between people and ecological systems, through leisure or tourism activities, form a complex socio-ecological spatial network. The analysis of the benefits people derive from their interactions with nature-also referred to as cultural ecosystem services (CES)-enables a better understanding of these socio-ecological systems. In the age of information, the increasing availability of large social media databases enables a better understanding of complex socio-ecological interactions at an unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. Within this context, we model and analyze these interactions based on information extracted from geotagged photographs embedded into a multiscale socio-ecological network. We apply this approach to 16 case study sites in Europe using a social media database (Flickr) containing more than 150,000 validated and classified photographs. After evaluating the representativeness of the network, we investigate the impact of visitors' origin on the distribution of socio-ecological interactions at different scales. First at a global scale, we develop a spatial measure of attractiveness and use this to identify four groups of sites. Then, at a local scale, we explore how the distance traveled by the users to reach a site affects the way they interact with this site in space and time. The approach developed here, integrating social media data into a network-based framework, offers a new way of visualizing and modeling interactions between humans and landscapes. Results provide valuable insights for understanding relationships between social demands for CES and the places of their realization, thus allowing for the development of more efficient conservation and planning strategies.
AB - Interactions between people and ecological systems, through leisure or tourism activities, form a complex socio-ecological spatial network. The analysis of the benefits people derive from their interactions with nature-also referred to as cultural ecosystem services (CES)-enables a better understanding of these socio-ecological systems. In the age of information, the increasing availability of large social media databases enables a better understanding of complex socio-ecological interactions at an unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. Within this context, we model and analyze these interactions based on information extracted from geotagged photographs embedded into a multiscale socio-ecological network. We apply this approach to 16 case study sites in Europe using a social media database (Flickr) containing more than 150,000 validated and classified photographs. After evaluating the representativeness of the network, we investigate the impact of visitors' origin on the distribution of socio-ecological interactions at different scales. First at a global scale, we develop a spatial measure of attractiveness and use this to identify four groups of sites. Then, at a local scale, we explore how the distance traveled by the users to reach a site affects the way they interact with this site in space and time. The approach developed here, integrating social media data into a network-based framework, offers a new way of visualizing and modeling interactions between humans and landscapes. Results provide valuable insights for understanding relationships between social demands for CES and the places of their realization, thus allowing for the development of more efficient conservation and planning strategies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85055916001&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0206672
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0206672
M3 - Article
C2 - 30383800
AN - SCOPUS:85055916001
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 11
M1 - e0206672
ER -