TY - JOUR
T1 - Maceration of Waste Cork in Binary Hydrophilic Solvents for the Production of Functional Extracts
AU - Şen, Umut
AU - Viegas, Catarina
AU - Duarte, Maria Paula
AU - Maurício, Elisabete Muchagato
AU - Nobre, Catarina
AU - Correia, Ricardo
AU - Pereira, Helena
AU - Gonçalves, Margarida
N1 - Funding Information:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04077%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04077%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00239%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/DL 57%2F2016/DL 57%2F2016%2FCP1482%2FCT0134/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/SFRH%2FBD%2F133300%2F2017/PT#
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/8/9
Y1 - 2023/8/9
N2 - Waste-grade cork samples of Quercus cerris were subjected to maceration extraction using 7 different solvents, including pure water (I), pure acetone (II), 75% aqueous ethanol (III), 75% aqueous methanol (IV), 75% aqueous acetone (V), 50% aqueous acetone (VI), and 25% aqueous acetone (VII). The extract yields, extract compositions, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were analyzed. The results showed that maceration extraction was highly efficient, particularly with binary solvents resulting in up to 6% extract yield and up to 488 mg GAE/g extract total phenolic content. The extracts exhibited a variable antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and FRAP methods as well as antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria and fungus determined by agar diffusion test. The CIELAB color parameters of extracts were correlated with maceration time, and the correlation was highest with pure water extracts. The FT-IR spectra of acetone-extracted cork revealed six key markers of phenolic compounds with the presence of peaks at approximately 2920 cm−1, 2850 cm−1, 1609 cm−1, 1517 cm−1, 1277 cm−1, and 1114 cm−1. The overall results suggest that the maceration of waste cork in binary solvents and pure acetone are green alternatives to conventional Soxhlet extraction for the production of polar extracts.
AB - Waste-grade cork samples of Quercus cerris were subjected to maceration extraction using 7 different solvents, including pure water (I), pure acetone (II), 75% aqueous ethanol (III), 75% aqueous methanol (IV), 75% aqueous acetone (V), 50% aqueous acetone (VI), and 25% aqueous acetone (VII). The extract yields, extract compositions, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were analyzed. The results showed that maceration extraction was highly efficient, particularly with binary solvents resulting in up to 6% extract yield and up to 488 mg GAE/g extract total phenolic content. The extracts exhibited a variable antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and FRAP methods as well as antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria and fungus determined by agar diffusion test. The CIELAB color parameters of extracts were correlated with maceration time, and the correlation was highest with pure water extracts. The FT-IR spectra of acetone-extracted cork revealed six key markers of phenolic compounds with the presence of peaks at approximately 2920 cm−1, 2850 cm−1, 1609 cm−1, 1517 cm−1, 1277 cm−1, and 1114 cm−1. The overall results suggest that the maceration of waste cork in binary solvents and pure acetone are green alternatives to conventional Soxhlet extraction for the production of polar extracts.
KW - antimicrobial properties
KW - antioxidants
KW - color parameters
KW - cork
KW - FT-IR
KW - Quercus cerris
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85169071868&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/environments10080142
DO - 10.3390/environments10080142
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85169071868
SN - 2076-3298
VL - 10
JO - Environments - MDPI
JF - Environments - MDPI
IS - 8
M1 - 142
ER -