Abstract
Sendo praticamente inexistentes instrumentos musicais do Românico, as fontes iconográficas revestem-se de particular importância para nos aproximarmos do universo musical daquela época. O estudo das imagens permite esclarecer um pouco mais sobre a forma de execução, as dimensões relativas dos instrumentos, a relação com outras expressões artísticas, como a dança, por exemplo, ou confirmar outros elementos relevantes. É de notar que para os escultores daquele período a figuração de instrumentos constituiu um desafio novo, uma vez que na Alta Idade Média as imagens musicais surgem quase exclusivamente nos manuscritos iluminados. Assim, o Românico é, também neste domínio, um período de ensaio, de descoberta. Relativamente ao Românico peninsular e francês, pode afirmar-se que havia alguns motivos que circulariam entre estaleiros, seguramente devido à circulação de artífices e mestres construtores. No caso português não há grandes programas iconográficos. Os temas figurativos representam uma pequena parte da escultura, na maioria dos casos escultura ornamental de cariz vegetalista presente em modilhões ou capitéis. Em termos de variedade de instrumentos musicais, predominam os cordofones; os aerofones são todos instrumentos de sinais, tipo olifantes. Todavia, o ímpeto construtivo registado no nosso Românico favoreceu e impulsionou a introdução de novos valores estéticos e icónicos, para o qual a Música foi chamada a dar o seu contributo, mesmo enquanto testemunho mudo de uma cultura musical muito rica.
Since musical instruments from the Romanesque period are practically non-existent, iconographic sources are particularly important to get close to the musical universe of that time. Studying the images allows us to shed a little on the way they were played, the relative dimensions of the instruments, their relationship with other artistic expressions, such as dance, for example, or to confirm other relevant elements. It should be noted that for the sculptors of that period, the figuration of instruments was a new challenge, since in the High Middle Ages, musical images appeared almost exclusively in illuminated manuscripts. Thus, the Romanesque is also a period of rehearsal and discovery in this area. With regard to the Romanesque in the Peninsula and France, it can be said that there were some motifs that circulated between building sites, certainly due to the circulation of craftsmen and master builders. In the Portuguese case, there are no major iconographic programmes. Figurative themes represent a small part of the sculpture, mostly ornamental sculpture of a vegetal nature, present in modillions or capitals. In terms of the variety of musical instruments, chordophones predominate; aerophones are all signalling instruments, like oliphants. However, the constructive impetus recorded in our Romanesque favoured and encouraged the introduction of new aesthetic and iconic values, to which music was called upon to make its contribution, even as a mute testimony to a very rich musical culture.
Since musical instruments from the Romanesque period are practically non-existent, iconographic sources are particularly important to get close to the musical universe of that time. Studying the images allows us to shed a little on the way they were played, the relative dimensions of the instruments, their relationship with other artistic expressions, such as dance, for example, or to confirm other relevant elements. It should be noted that for the sculptors of that period, the figuration of instruments was a new challenge, since in the High Middle Ages, musical images appeared almost exclusively in illuminated manuscripts. Thus, the Romanesque is also a period of rehearsal and discovery in this area. With regard to the Romanesque in the Peninsula and France, it can be said that there were some motifs that circulated between building sites, certainly due to the circulation of craftsmen and master builders. In the Portuguese case, there are no major iconographic programmes. Figurative themes represent a small part of the sculpture, mostly ornamental sculpture of a vegetal nature, present in modillions or capitals. In terms of the variety of musical instruments, chordophones predominate; aerophones are all signalling instruments, like oliphants. However, the constructive impetus recorded in our Romanesque favoured and encouraged the introduction of new aesthetic and iconic values, to which music was called upon to make its contribution, even as a mute testimony to a very rich musical culture.
Original language | Portuguese |
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Pages (from-to) | 41-59 |
Number of pages | 19 |
Journal | CEM. Cultura, Espaço & Memória |
Volume | 2 |
Issue number | 18 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 22 Dec 2024 |
Keywords
- Musical iconography
- Romanesque Art
- Medieval sculpture
- Iconografia musical
- Arte românica
- Música
- Escultura medieval