Abstract
Resumo As leishmanioses provocadas pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum são zoonoses em que o cão é o principal hospedeiro e reservatório do parasita. Os parasitas são transmitidos aos hospedeiros vertebrados naturalmente por insetos flebotomíneos sendo Phlebotomus perniciosus e P. ariasi as espécies vetoras em Portugal. Na década de oitenta a transmissão através de seringas e agulhas contaminadas foi comprovada. Entre os anos de 1999 e 2014 foram diagnosticados no Laboratório de Leishmanioses- IHMT, 199 casos de leishmaniose visceral, 122 em indivíduos adultos imunodeprimidos, e 27 casos de leishmaniose cutânea.A seroprevalência de leishmaniose canina obtida num inquérito nacional foi de 6,3% sendo superior a 12,0% em alguns distritos. O papel dos gatos na epidemiologia da leishmaniose também tem sido alvo de estudo, com prevalências de infeção variando entre os 0,3% e os 30,4%, sugerindo a importância dos mesmos no ciclo de transmissão do parasita. Nos inquéritos epidemiológicos realizados pela equipa do IHMT no centro e sul de Portugal detetou-seL. infantum em P.ariasi e P.perniciosus e L.major e Leishmania sp. em Sergentomyia minuta. Os dados obtidos nos últimos anos revelam que Portugal continua a ser um país endémico de leishmaniose, reforçando assim a importância no desenvolvimento de redes de vigilância epidemiológicas que promovam a monitorização, vigilância à possível entrada de novas espécies e o controlo desta parasitose.
Abstract
Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is a parasitic zoonosis in which the dog is the main host and reservoir.The parasites are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sand flies being Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. ariasi the proven vector species in Portugal. Furthermore, the artificial transmission trough syringes and needles shared by drug addicts was proven in the eighties. Between the years 1999 and 2014, 199 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, 122 in immunocompromised adults, and 27 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were diagnosed in Leishmaniasis Laboratory - IHMT. The prevalence of canine leishmaniasis obtained by a national survey was 6.31%, being higher than 12% in some districts. The role of cats in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis has also been evaluated, with prevalences of infection ranging from 0.3% to 30.4%, suggesting their importance in the transmission of the parasite. IHMT team has also conducted entomological surveys in the Centre and South of Portugal and L. infantum was detected in P. ariasi and P. perniciosus and L. major and Leishmania sp. in Sergentomyia minuta. Data obtained in the recent years show that Portugal remains an endemic country for leishmaniasis reinforcing the importance of the development of epidemiological networks to promote the surveillance focusing the potential introduction of new parasite species and control of infection/disease.
Abstract
Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is a parasitic zoonosis in which the dog is the main host and reservoir.The parasites are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sand flies being Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. ariasi the proven vector species in Portugal. Furthermore, the artificial transmission trough syringes and needles shared by drug addicts was proven in the eighties. Between the years 1999 and 2014, 199 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, 122 in immunocompromised adults, and 27 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were diagnosed in Leishmaniasis Laboratory - IHMT. The prevalence of canine leishmaniasis obtained by a national survey was 6.31%, being higher than 12% in some districts. The role of cats in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis has also been evaluated, with prevalences of infection ranging from 0.3% to 30.4%, suggesting their importance in the transmission of the parasite. IHMT team has also conducted entomological surveys in the Centre and South of Portugal and L. infantum was detected in P. ariasi and P. perniciosus and L. major and Leishmania sp. in Sergentomyia minuta. Data obtained in the recent years show that Portugal remains an endemic country for leishmaniasis reinforcing the importance of the development of epidemiological networks to promote the surveillance focusing the potential introduction of new parasite species and control of infection/disease.
Translated title of the contribution | Leishmaniasis in Portugal in the begining of the XXI century |
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Original language | Portuguese |
Pages (from-to) | 25-28 |
Number of pages | 3 |
Journal | Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical |
Volume | 13 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2014 |
Keywords
- Leishmanioses humana
- Canina e felina
- Portugal