@article{b3fe49d8663c4cbdbae00983bc5ac1f3,
title = "Last Interglacial Iberian Neandertals as fisher-hunter-gatherers",
abstract = "Marine food–reliant subsistence systems such as those in the African Middle Stone Age (MSA) were not thought to exist in Europe until the much later Mesolithic. Whether this apparent lag reflects taphonomic biases or behavioral distinctions between archaic and modern humans remains much debated. Figueira Brava cave, in the Arr{\'a}bida range (Portugal), provides an exceptionally well preserved record of Neandertal coastal resource exploitation on a comparable scale to the MSA and dated to ~86 to 106 thousand years ago. The breadth of the subsistence base—pine nuts, marine invertebrates, fish, marine birds and mammals, tortoises, waterfowl, and hoofed game—exceeds that of regional early Holocene sites. Fisher-hunter-gatherer economies are not the preserve of anatomically modern people; by the Last Interglacial, they were in place across the Old World in the appropriate settings.",
author = "J. Zilh{\~a}o and Angelucci, {D. E.} and Igreja, {M. Ara{\'u}jo} and Arnold, {L. J.} and E. Badal and P. Callapez and Cardoso, {J. L.} and F. d{\textquoteright}Errico and J. Daura and M. Demuro and M. Deschamps and Catherine Dupont and S. Gabriel and Hoffmann, {D. L.} and P. Legoinha and Henrique Matias and Soares, {A. M. Monge} and M. Nabais and Portela, {Paulo J. Ces{\'a}rio} and A. Queffelec and F{\'a}tima Rodrigues and Pedro Souto",
note = "Excavation and analysis of the finds were supported by research grants from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) projects {"}Middle Paleolithic Archaeology of the Almonda Karstic System{"} (grant PTDC/HIS-ARQ/098164/2008) and {"}Archeology and Evolution of Early Humans in the Western Facade of Iberia{"} (grant PTDC/HAR-ARQ/30413/2017). U-series dating was additionally supported by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig, Germany) and, for the Centro Nacional de Investigacion de la Evolucion Humana (CENIEH, Burgos, Spain) results, by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICINN, Spain) research grant CGL2011-27187. The study of the nonfood shells was partly supported by the Programme Investissements d'Avenir IdEx universite de Bordeaux, the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-LABX-52, LaScArBx Cluster of Excellence), and the Research Council of Norway (project 262618). OSL dating analyses and manuscript production were partly supported by Australian Research Council grants DE160100743 and FT130100195. The OxA radiocarbon dates numbered 19978 to 19982 were funded by the ORADS program (application 2006/1/4). The analysis of all faunal remains (except fish) was supported by a doctoral award by the London Arts and Humanities Partnership, an AHRC-funded Doctoral Training Programme, to the research project {"}Neanderthal subsistence in Portugal: small and large prey consumption during the Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS-5).{"}",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "27",
doi = "10.1126/science.aaz7943",
language = "English",
volume = "367",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6485",
}