TY - JOUR
T1 - Laser-induced graphene from paper for non-enzymatic uric acid electrochemical sensing in urine
AU - Kulyk, Bohdan
AU - Pereira, Sónia O.
AU - Fernandes, António J. S.
AU - Fortunato, Elvira
AU - Costa, Florinda M.
AU - Santos, Nuno F.
N1 - Funding Information:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50025%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50025%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/SFRH%2FBD%2F141525%2F2018/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/9471 - RIDTI/PTDC%2FNAN-MAT%2F28755%2F2017/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/787410/EU#
This work was developed within the scope of project i3N (LA/P/0037/2020.
I.P. N. F. Santos thanks i3N for the BPD Grant BPD/UI96/5177/2020.
S. O. Pereira thanks i3N for the BPD Grant BPD/UI96/5808/2017.
The authors also thank Jonas Deuermeier for the XPS measurements.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - Laser-induced graphene from paper (paper-LIG) was applied in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of uric acid (UA) in human urine. Paper-LIG was formed by CO2 laser modification of paper into a 3D graphene arrangement. Kinetic analysis of paper-LIG electrodes returned effective heterogeneous electron transfer standard rate constants of 1.4 × 10−3 cm s−1 and 7.8 × 10−4 cm s−1 for [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ and [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− redox probes, respectively. These electrodes were able to detect and quantify uric acid in PBS within the 10–300 μM range at pH between 5.6 and 7.4. At pH 7.4, a linear response (R2 = 0.999) from 10 to 250 μM was achieved, with a limit of detection of 3.97 μM and a sensitivity of 0.363 μA cm−2 μM−1. Paper-LIG electrodes denoted adequate selectivity in synthetic urine as well as in ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA)-containing electrolytes. Determination of urinary UA content in human samples returned a concentration of c.a. 1.8–1.9 mM, within the range for healthy individuals. Recoveries of samples spiked with 50 and 100 μM UA were 100.6% and 95.4%, respectively, with satisfactory reproducibility and stability. These cheap, lightweight, flexible, and eco-friendly paper-LIG biosensors for non-enzymatic quantification of UA in human urine pave the way to widespread application in the detection of other important biomarkers.
AB - Laser-induced graphene from paper (paper-LIG) was applied in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of uric acid (UA) in human urine. Paper-LIG was formed by CO2 laser modification of paper into a 3D graphene arrangement. Kinetic analysis of paper-LIG electrodes returned effective heterogeneous electron transfer standard rate constants of 1.4 × 10−3 cm s−1 and 7.8 × 10−4 cm s−1 for [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ and [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− redox probes, respectively. These electrodes were able to detect and quantify uric acid in PBS within the 10–300 μM range at pH between 5.6 and 7.4. At pH 7.4, a linear response (R2 = 0.999) from 10 to 250 μM was achieved, with a limit of detection of 3.97 μM and a sensitivity of 0.363 μA cm−2 μM−1. Paper-LIG electrodes denoted adequate selectivity in synthetic urine as well as in ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA)-containing electrolytes. Determination of urinary UA content in human samples returned a concentration of c.a. 1.8–1.9 mM, within the range for healthy individuals. Recoveries of samples spiked with 50 and 100 μM UA were 100.6% and 95.4%, respectively, with satisfactory reproducibility and stability. These cheap, lightweight, flexible, and eco-friendly paper-LIG biosensors for non-enzymatic quantification of UA in human urine pave the way to widespread application in the detection of other important biomarkers.
KW - Electrochemical biosensors
KW - Flexible electronics
KW - Graphene
KW - Human urine
KW - Paper-LIG
KW - Uric acid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132908493&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.06.013
DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.06.013
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85132908493
SN - 0008-6223
VL - 197
SP - 253
EP - 263
JO - Carbon
JF - Carbon
ER -
