Is Circulating DNA and Tumor Cells in Myeloma the Way Forward?

Emilie Arnault Carneiro, Filipa Barahona, Carolina Pestana, Cristina João

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)
23 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second deadliest hematological cancer. Despite the enormous innovation on MM treatment in the last decades, still 48% of patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. MM diagnosis and therapeutic strategy mainly rely on direct bone marrow (BM) assessment. Given the MM heterogeneity, BM biopsies do not accurately reflect the whole disease status, hampering accurate disease prognosis. Moreover, biopsies are painful and invasive procedures, highlighting the need for non-invasive and more accurate source of biomarkers. Liquid biopsies are promising sources of biomarkers that may overcome these limitations. Peripheral blood carries circulating myeloma components that are being extensively explored since the last few years as an alternative to BM aspirates. These include circulating tumor cells (CTC), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and extracellular vesicles containing miRNA and proteins. The current review summarizes scientific evidence establishing BM as a gold standard for the diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of minimal residual disease. We discuss the last advances regarding cfDNA and CTC biomarkers from peripheral blood in patients with MM as well as the statistical validations. This paper addresses the technological hurdles associated with liquid biopsies and examines the missing steps for their inclusion into the clinical practice.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)63-81
Number of pages19
JournalHemato
Volume3
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2022

Keywords

  • biomarker validation
  • cell-free DNA
  • circulating tumor plasma cell
  • diagnosis
  • liquid biopsies
  • minimal residual disease
  • multiple myeloma
  • prognosis
  • statistical assessment

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