@article{4074856a26244e819d3745b0b463b21b,
title = "In situ solid-state nanopore fabrication",
abstract = "Nanopores in solid-state membranes are promising for a wide range of applications including DNA sequencing, ultra-dilute analyte detection, protein analysis, and polymer data storage. Techniques to fabricate solid-state nanopores have typically been time consuming or lacked the resolution to create pores with diameters down to a few nanometres, as required for the above applications. In recent years, several methods to fabricate nanopores in electrolyte environments have been demonstrated. These in situ methods include controlled breakdown (CBD), electrochemical reactions (ECR), laser etching and laser-assisted controlled breakdown (la-CBD). These techniques are democratising solid-state nanopores by providing the ability to fabricate pores with diameters down to a few nanometres (i.e. comparable to the size of many analytes) in a matter of minutes using relatively simple equipment. Here we review these in situ solid-state nanopore fabrication techniques and highlight the challenges and advantages of each method. Furthermore we compare these techniques by their desired application and provide insights into future research directions for in situ nanopore fabrication methods. This journal is ",
author = "Fried, {Jasper P.} and Swett, {Jacob L.} and Nadappuram, {Binoy Paulose} and Mol, {Jan A.} and Edel, {Joshua B.} and Ivanov, {Aleksandar P.} and Yates, {James R.}",
note = "Funding Information: J. Y. was funded by an FCT contract according to DL57/2016, [SFRH/BPD/80071/2011]. Work in J. Y.s lab was funded by national funds through FCT – Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia, I. P., Project MOSTMICRO-ITQB with ref. UIDB/ 04612/2020 and UIDP/04612/2020 and Project PTDC/NAN-MAT/ 31100/2017. J. F. would like to thank the Oxford Australia Scholarship Committee and the University of Western Australia for Funding. A. I. and J. E. acknowledge support from BBSRC grant BB/R022429/1, EPSCR grant EP/P011985/1, and Analytical Chemistry Trust Fund grant 600322/05. This project has also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 724300 and 875525). J. M. was supported through the UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship, Grant No. MR/S032541/1, with in-kind support from the Royal Academy of Engineering. Funding Information: J. Y. was funded by an FCT contract according to DL57/2016, [SFRH/BPD/80071/2011]. Work in J. Y.s lab was funded by national funds through FCT ? Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I. P., Project MOSTMICRO-ITQB with ref. UIDB/04612/2020 and UIDP/04612/2020 and Project PTDC/NAN-MAT/31100/2017. J. F. would like to thank the Oxford Australia Scholarship Committee and the University of Western Australia for Funding. A. I. and J. E. acknowledge support from BBSRC grant BB/R022429/1, EPSCR grant EP/P011985/1, and Analytical Chemistry Trust Fund grant 600322/05. This project has also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 724300 and 875525). J. M. was supported through the UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship, Grant No. MR/S032541/1, with in-kind support from the Royal Academy of Engineering. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Royal Society of Chemistry.",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1039/d0cs00924e",
language = "English",
volume = "50",
pages = "4974--4992",
journal = "Chemical Society Reviews",
issn = "0306-0012",
publisher = "RSC - Royal Society of Chemistry",
number = "8",
}