TY - JOUR
T1 - In situ interlayer hot forging arc plasma directed energy deposition of Inconel® 625
T2 - microstructure evolution during heat treatments
AU - Farias, Francisco Werley Cipriano
AU - Duarte, Valdemar R.
AU - Felice, Igor Oliveira
AU - Filho, João da Cruz Payão
AU - Schell, Norbert
AU - Maawad, Emad
AU - Li, J. Y.
AU - Zhang, Y.
AU - Santos, T. G.
AU - Oliveira, J. P.
N1 - Funding Information:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UID%2FEMS%2F00667%2F2019/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50025%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50025%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/2022.13870.BD/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/730872/EU#
project LA/P/0037/2020.
UIDB/50025/2020–2023.
The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210986 EC.
This activity has received funding from the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) Raw Materials through the project Smart WAAM: Microstructural Engineering and Integrated Non-Destructive Testing. YZ acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 51601091 ), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province ( BK 20160826 ), the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province ( 2017-XCL-051 ), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities ( 30917011106 ), and Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province ( BE 2020085 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/8/15
Y1 - 2023/8/15
N2 - The study reports that the combined use of in situ interlayer hot forging and post-deposition heat treatment (PDHT) could alter the typical coarse and oriented microstructure of the Ni-based superalloy 625 obtained by arc plasma directed energy deposition (DED) to a fine and non-oriented condition. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction showed that the high-temperature (1100 °C/ 1 h) PDHT induced significant recrystallization, leading to grain refinement and low texture index, while partially dissolving deleterious Laves and δ phases. Low-temperature (980 °C/ 1 h) PDHT had a limited effect on the grain size refinement and induced the formation of secondary phases. It is shown that conventional heat treatments applied to Ni-based superalloy 625 obtained by arc plasma DED are not conducive to optimized microstructure features. In situ hot forging induced enough crystal defects to promote static recrystallization during PDHT. Besides, high-temperature PDHT met the AMS 5662 grain size requirements.
AB - The study reports that the combined use of in situ interlayer hot forging and post-deposition heat treatment (PDHT) could alter the typical coarse and oriented microstructure of the Ni-based superalloy 625 obtained by arc plasma directed energy deposition (DED) to a fine and non-oriented condition. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction showed that the high-temperature (1100 °C/ 1 h) PDHT induced significant recrystallization, leading to grain refinement and low texture index, while partially dissolving deleterious Laves and δ phases. Low-temperature (980 °C/ 1 h) PDHT had a limited effect on the grain size refinement and induced the formation of secondary phases. It is shown that conventional heat treatments applied to Ni-based superalloy 625 obtained by arc plasma DED are not conducive to optimized microstructure features. In situ hot forging induced enough crystal defects to promote static recrystallization during PDHT. Besides, high-temperature PDHT met the AMS 5662 grain size requirements.
KW - Directed energy deposition
KW - Inconel 625
KW - Ni-based superalloys
KW - Synchrotron X-ray diffraction
KW - Wire and arc additive manufacturing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85152133003&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170059
DO - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170059
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85152133003
SN - 0925-8388
VL - 952
JO - Journal of Alloys and Compounds
JF - Journal of Alloys and Compounds
M1 - 170059
ER -