TY - JOUR
T1 - Human polyomaviruses (HPyV) in wastewater and environmental samples from the Lisbon Metropolitan Area
T2 - Detection and genetic characterization of viral structural protein-coding sequences
AU - Condez, Ana Carolina
AU - Nunes, Mónica
AU - Filipa-Silva, Andreia
AU - Leonardo, Inês
AU - Parreira, Ricardo
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work received financial support from the Global Health and Tropical Medicine Center (which is funded through FCT contract UID/Multi/04413/2013), as well as from the AgriWWater Project (PTDC/CTA-AMB/29586/2017), and iNOVA4Health (UID/Multi/04462/2019).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/10/12
Y1 - 2021/10/12
N2 - Due to the lack of reliable epidemiological information regarding the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of human polyomaviruses (HPyV) in Portugal, we addressed these issues in this initial study by focusing on the Lisbon Metropolitan area, the most populated and culturally diverse hub in the country. The HPyV structural protein-coding sequence was partially amplified using two touch-down PCR multiplex protocols, starting from water samples, collected between 2018 and 2020, where viral genomes were detected.. The obtained results disclosed the frequent detection of HPyV1, HPyV2, HPyV5, and HPyV6 in 35.3% (n = 6), 29.4% (n = 5), 47.1% (n = 8) and 29.4% (n = 5), respectively, of the water samples analyzed. The sequences assigned to a given viral species did not segregate to a single genotype, this being especially true for HPyV2 for which five genotypes (including a putative new genotype 9) could be identified. The phylogenetic trees obtained for HPyV5 and HPyV6 had less resolving power than those obtained for HPyV1/HPyV2, but both viruses were shown to be genetically diverse. This analysis emphasizes the epidemiological helpfulness of these detection/genetic characterization studies in addition to being relevant tools for assessment of human waste contamination.
AB - Due to the lack of reliable epidemiological information regarding the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of human polyomaviruses (HPyV) in Portugal, we addressed these issues in this initial study by focusing on the Lisbon Metropolitan area, the most populated and culturally diverse hub in the country. The HPyV structural protein-coding sequence was partially amplified using two touch-down PCR multiplex protocols, starting from water samples, collected between 2018 and 2020, where viral genomes were detected.. The obtained results disclosed the frequent detection of HPyV1, HPyV2, HPyV5, and HPyV6 in 35.3% (n = 6), 29.4% (n = 5), 47.1% (n = 8) and 29.4% (n = 5), respectively, of the water samples analyzed. The sequences assigned to a given viral species did not segregate to a single genotype, this being especially true for HPyV2 for which five genotypes (including a putative new genotype 9) could be identified. The phylogenetic trees obtained for HPyV5 and HPyV6 had less resolving power than those obtained for HPyV1/HPyV2, but both viruses were shown to be genetically diverse. This analysis emphasizes the epidemiological helpfulness of these detection/genetic characterization studies in addition to being relevant tools for assessment of human waste contamination.
KW - Environmental water
KW - Human polyomavirus
KW - Multiplex-PCR
KW - Phylogenetic analysis
KW - Portugal
KW - Wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117766651&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/pathogens10101309
DO - 10.3390/pathogens10101309
M3 - Article
C2 - 34684259
AN - SCOPUS:85117766651
SN - 2076-0817
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 20
JO - Pathogens
JF - Pathogens
IS - 10
M1 - 1309
ER -