TY - JOUR
T1 - How Biological Activity in Sea Cucumbers Changes as a Function of Species and Tissue
AU - Sales, Sabrina
AU - Lourenço, Helena M.
AU - Bandarra, Narcisa M.
AU - Afonso, Cláudia
AU - Matos, Joana
AU - Botelho, Maria João
AU - Pessoa, Maria Fernanda
AU - Félix, Pedro M.
AU - Veronez, Arthur
AU - Cardoso, Carlos
N1 - Funding Information:
Sabrina Sales acknowledges the Doctoral Grant (Ref. SFRH/BD/128813/2017) by “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia”.
Funding Information:
The research was funded by “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT) via national funds within the scope of the project MARE (UIDP/04292/2020), CIIMAR (UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020), and the Associate Laboratory ARNET (LA/P/0069/2020). The experimental work was funded by the projects AQUAMAX (Ref.: 16-02-01-FMP-0047) and NEWCUMBER (Ref.: MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0052) and by IPMA/PNAB-DCF (IPMA Portuguese National Programme for Biological Sampling, PNAB, integrated in the EU Data Collection Framework, DCF).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/12/21
Y1 - 2023/12/21
N2 - Biological activity and bioactive compound content in sea cucumbers was assessed, considering Parastichopus regalis, Holothuria mammata, Holothuria forskali, and Holothuria arguinensis as species and intestine, muscle band, respiratory tree, body wall, and gonads as tissues. P. regalis had the lowest content in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in contrast to Holothuria species. In the respiratory tree, the highest phenolic concentration was recorded in H. arguinensis, 76.4 ± 1.2 mg GAE/100 g dw vs. 21.0–49.0 mg GAE/100 g dw in the other species. H. arguinensis had the highest DPPH and FRAP results in the gonads, 13.6 ± 0.7 mg AAE/100 g dw vs. 2.6–3.5 mg AAE/100 g dw and 27.1 ± 0.3 μmol Fe2+/g dw vs. 8.0–15.9 μmol Fe2+/g dw, respectively. Overall, P. regalis biomass presented the highest anti-inflammatory activity levels and H. arguinensis the lowest anti-inflammatory levels. The respiratory tree was the most anti-inflammatory (measured by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) tissue in H. mammata and H. forskali (also the muscle band in this case), 76.3 ± 6.3% and 59.5 ± 3.6% COX-2 inhibition in 1 mg/mL aqueous extracts, respectively. The results demonstrated a variable bioactive potential and advantage in targeting antioxidant properties in the muscle band and anti-inflammatory activity in the respiratory tree, which may constitute a starting point for a biorefinery approach envisaging multiple applications.
AB - Biological activity and bioactive compound content in sea cucumbers was assessed, considering Parastichopus regalis, Holothuria mammata, Holothuria forskali, and Holothuria arguinensis as species and intestine, muscle band, respiratory tree, body wall, and gonads as tissues. P. regalis had the lowest content in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in contrast to Holothuria species. In the respiratory tree, the highest phenolic concentration was recorded in H. arguinensis, 76.4 ± 1.2 mg GAE/100 g dw vs. 21.0–49.0 mg GAE/100 g dw in the other species. H. arguinensis had the highest DPPH and FRAP results in the gonads, 13.6 ± 0.7 mg AAE/100 g dw vs. 2.6–3.5 mg AAE/100 g dw and 27.1 ± 0.3 μmol Fe2+/g dw vs. 8.0–15.9 μmol Fe2+/g dw, respectively. Overall, P. regalis biomass presented the highest anti-inflammatory activity levels and H. arguinensis the lowest anti-inflammatory levels. The respiratory tree was the most anti-inflammatory (measured by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) tissue in H. mammata and H. forskali (also the muscle band in this case), 76.3 ± 6.3% and 59.5 ± 3.6% COX-2 inhibition in 1 mg/mL aqueous extracts, respectively. The results demonstrated a variable bioactive potential and advantage in targeting antioxidant properties in the muscle band and anti-inflammatory activity in the respiratory tree, which may constitute a starting point for a biorefinery approach envisaging multiple applications.
KW - anti-inflammatory
KW - antioxidant
KW - aqueous extracts
KW - bioactive content
KW - holothurians
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85181933337&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/foods13010035
DO - 10.3390/foods13010035
M3 - Article
C2 - 38201062
AN - SCOPUS:85181933337
SN - 2304-8158
VL - 13
JO - Foods
JF - Foods
IS - 1
M1 - 35
ER -