Harbinger of progress: Portuguese illustrated journal O Occidente in the late nineteenth century (1878-1899)

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Portugal undertook in its mainland and colonial territories an ambitious modernising programme based on technoscientific grounds. From the late 1870s onwards, such programme was widely advertised in Occidente, the most important illustrated journal of the time that published several drawings of original photographs. In this paper, I will analyse the imagery based on authentic photography related to technoscientific activities in Portugal and its colonies, using a methodology that combines semiotics with photojournalistic analysis. I claim that Occidente, by publishing drawings of photos, was crucial to create an image of Portugal as a modern, technoscientific, and imperial nation, before the development of halftone printing and photojournalism.