TY - JOUR
T1 - Genotypes and population genetics of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii species complexes in Europe and the mediterranean area
AU - Cogliati, Massimo
AU - Desnos-Ollivier, Marie
AU - McCormick-Smith, Ilka
AU - Rickerts, Volker
AU - Ferreira-Paim, Kennio
AU - Meyer, Wieland
AU - Boekhout, Teun
AU - Hagen, Ferry
AU - Theelen, Bart
AU - Inácio, J
AU - Alonso, Beatriz
AU - Maria F., Colom Valiente,
AU - Luciana, Trilles,
AU - Montagna, Maria Teresa
AU - De Donno, Antonella
AU - Susever, Serdar
AU - Ergin, Cagri
AU - Velegraki, Aristea
AU - Ellabib, Mohamed S.
AU - Macci, Cristina
AU - Dipineto, Ludovico
AU - Trovato, Laura
AU - Akcaglar, Sevim
AU - Mlinaric-Missoni, Emilija
AU - Bertout, Sebastien
AU - Ana CF, Vencá,
AU - Sampaio, Ana C.
AU - Criseo, Giuseppe
AU - Ranque, Stéphane
AU - Cerikcioglu, Nilgun
AU - Marchese, Anna
AU - Vezzulli, Luigi
AU - Macit It, İLki̇t,
AU - Pasquale, Vincenzo
AU - Polacheck, Itzhack
AU - Lockhart, Shawn R.
PY - 2019/8/1
Y1 - 2019/8/1
N2 - A total of 476 European isolates (310 Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, 150 C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed. Sequence analysis identified 74 sequence types among C. neoformans var. neoformans (VNIV), 65 among C. neoformans var. grubii (56 VNI, 8 VNII, 1 VNB), and 5 among the C. gattii species complex (4 VGI and 1 VGIV) isolates. ST23 was the most frequent genotype (22%) among VNI isolates which were mostly grouped in a large clonal cluster including 50% of isolates. Among VNIV isolates, a predominant genotype was not identified. A high percentage of autochthonous STs were identified in both VNI (71%) and VNIV (96%) group of isolates. The 16 European C. gattii species complex isolates analyzed in the present study originated all from the environment and all belonged to a large cluster endemic in the Mediterranean area. Population genetic analysis confirmed that VNI group of isolates were characterized by low variability and clonal expansion while VNIV by a higher variability and a number of recombination events. However, when VNI and VNIV environmental isolates were compared, they showed a similar population structure with a high percentage of shared mutations and the absence of fixed mutations. Also linkage disequilibrium analysis reveals differences between clinical and environmental isolates showing a key role of PLB1 allele combinations in host infection as well as the key role of LAC1 allele combinations for survival of the fungus in the environment. The present study shows that genetic comparison of clinical and environmental isolates represents a first step to understand the genetic characteristics that cause the shift of some genotypes from a saprophytic to a parasitic life style.
AB - A total of 476 European isolates (310 Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, 150 C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed. Sequence analysis identified 74 sequence types among C. neoformans var. neoformans (VNIV), 65 among C. neoformans var. grubii (56 VNI, 8 VNII, 1 VNB), and 5 among the C. gattii species complex (4 VGI and 1 VGIV) isolates. ST23 was the most frequent genotype (22%) among VNI isolates which were mostly grouped in a large clonal cluster including 50% of isolates. Among VNIV isolates, a predominant genotype was not identified. A high percentage of autochthonous STs were identified in both VNI (71%) and VNIV (96%) group of isolates. The 16 European C. gattii species complex isolates analyzed in the present study originated all from the environment and all belonged to a large cluster endemic in the Mediterranean area. Population genetic analysis confirmed that VNI group of isolates were characterized by low variability and clonal expansion while VNIV by a higher variability and a number of recombination events. However, when VNI and VNIV environmental isolates were compared, they showed a similar population structure with a high percentage of shared mutations and the absence of fixed mutations. Also linkage disequilibrium analysis reveals differences between clinical and environmental isolates showing a key role of PLB1 allele combinations in host infection as well as the key role of LAC1 allele combinations for survival of the fungus in the environment. The present study shows that genetic comparison of clinical and environmental isolates represents a first step to understand the genetic characteristics that cause the shift of some genotypes from a saprophytic to a parasitic life style.
KW - Cryptococcus gattii
KW - Cryptococcus neoformans
KW - Europe
KW - MLST
KW - Population genetics
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087184519300490?via%3Dihub
U2 - 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.04.001
DO - 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.04.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 30953839
SN - 1087-1845
VL - 129
SP - 16
EP - 29
JO - Fungal Genetics and Biology
JF - Fungal Genetics and Biology
ER -
