Genetic diversity of candidate loci linked to Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to bedaquiline, delamanid and pretomanid

Paula J. Gómez-González, Joao Perdigao, Pedro Gomes, Zully M. Puyen, David Santos-Lazaro, Gary Napier, Martin L. Hibberd, Miguel Viveiros, Isabel Portugal, Susana Campino, Jody E. Phelan, Taane G. Clark

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19 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. Multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains are making disease control difficult, and exhausting treatment options. New anti-TB drugs bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid (DLM) and pretomanid (PTM) have been approved for the treatment of multi-drug resistant TB, but there is increasing resistance to them. Nine genetic loci strongly linked to resistance have been identified (mmpR5, atpE, and pepQ for BDQ; ddn, fgd1, fbiA, fbiB, fbiC, and fbiD for DLM/PTM). Here we investigated the genetic diversity of these loci across >33,000 M. tuberculosis isolates. In addition, epistatic mutations in mmpL5-mmpS5 as well as variants in ndh, implicated for DLM/PTM resistance in M. smegmatis, were explored. Our analysis revealed 1,227 variants across the nine genes, with the majority (78%) present in isolates collected prior to the roll-out of BDQ and DLM/PTM. We identified phylogenetically-related mutations, which are unlikely to be resistance associated, but also high-impact variants such as frameshifts (e.g. in mmpR5, ddn) with likely functional effects, as well as non-synonymous mutations predominantly in MDR-/XDR-TB strains with predicted protein destabilising effects. Overall, our work provides a comprehensive mutational catalogue for BDQ and DLM/PTM associated genes, which will assist with establishing associations with phenotypic resistance; thereby, improving the understanding of the causative mechanisms of resistance for these drugs, leading to better treatment outcomes.

Original languageEnglish
Article number19431
Pages (from-to)1-13
Number of pages13
JournalScientific Reports
Volume11
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 30 Sept 2021

Keywords

  • Bacterial genes
  • Genetics
  • Microbial genetics

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