Abstract
Selective and controlled delivery of genetic cargo to a living cell, using encapsulation into nanoporous solids, involves a threestep kinetics: i) confinement of the biomolecule, followed by ii) diffusion along the endohedral volume, and finallly iii) ejection of the biological material towards the cellular interior. In order to study the thermodynamical and kinetical properties associated with the process, we employ atomically detailed computer experiments to probe the encapsulation of double-stranded canonical B-DNA, (5'-D(*CP*GP*CP*GP*AP*AP*TP*TP*CP*GP*CP*G)-3'), into electrically charged (hydrophilic) carbon nanotubes with diameters in the range D = 3 - 4 nm. For that purpose, Classical Molecular Dynamics simulations are run coupled with Hamiltonian-biasing algorithms to probe the systems' free-energy landscapes and independently determine the relevant kinetic distributions. It is observed that nucleic acid encapsulation is thermodynamically spontaneous (similar to 40 kJ/mol), and translation within the confining solids is anisotropic only for the largest topology (D = 4 nm), with the nucleic acid exhibiting Fickian self-diffusion coefficients in the range D-eff = 0.537 - 0.954 x 10(-9) m(2)/s. Occurring in the early stages subsequent to confinement (t > 2 ns), a previously unobserved dynamical transition from a Fickian (proportional to t) to a single-file regime (proportional to t(1/2)) is interpreted in terms of exclusion volumes and electrostatic interactions betweem the NaCl buffer and DNA. Physiological conditions employed throughout (310 K, [NaCl] = 134 mM) allow the extrapolation of results to in vivo systems, constituting a landmark for nucleic acid encapsulation in the context of cellular delivery and personalized therapeutics.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 249-264 |
Journal | Materials today-Proceedings |
Volume | 20 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2020 |
Event | 11th International conference on Advanced Nanomaterials (ANM 2018) - Reitoria da Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal Duration: 18 Jul 2018 → 20 Jul 2018 |
Keywords
- Thermodynamics
- kinetics
- DNA
- carbon nanotubes
- free-energy