Energy consumption awareness for resource-constrained devices

The devices running embedded applications tend to be battery-powered, and the energy efficiency of their operations is an important enabler for the wide adoption of the Internet-of-Things. Optimization of energy usage depends on modelling power consumption. A model-based simulation must consider parameters that depend on the device used, the operating system, and the distributed application under study. A realistic simulation thus depends on knowledge regarding how and when devices consume energy. Direct measurement in wireless sensors is a common approach to evaluate the power consumed by the embedded devices in their different execution states. This paper presents an approach to direct measurement of consumed energy. We present the architecture and the measurement process that were implemented. Details are given regarding the setup of the experimental tests, and a discussion of the results hints at which architecture is the best for each application under study. The presented methodology can be easily extended to new architectures and applications, to streamline the process of building realistic models of power consumption.