EnDovascular Therapy Plus Best Medical Treatment (BMT) Versus BMT Alone for MedIum distal VeSsel Occlusion sTroke (DISTAL): An international, multicentre, randomized-controlled, two-arm, assessor-blinded trial

Rationale: Whether endovascular therapy (EVT) in addition to best medical treatment (BMT) in people with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to a medium distal vessel occlusion (MDVO) is beneficial remains unclear. Aim: To determine if people experiencing an AIS due to an isolated MDVO (defined as the co- or non-dominant M2 segment, the M3 or M4 segment of the middle cerebral artery, the A1, A2, or A3 segment of the anterior cerebral artery or the P1, P2 or P3 segment of the posterior cerebral artery) will have superior outcome if treated with EVT in addition to BMT compared to BMT alone. Sample size: To randomize 526 participants 1:1 to EVT plus BMT or BMT alone. Methods and design: A multicentre, international, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) superiority trial. Outcomes: The primary efficacy endpoint is the distribution of disability levels on the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Secondary clinical efficacy outcomes include normalized change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline to day 1, cognitive outcome at 90 days, and health-related quality of life at 90 days. Safety outcomes include all serious adverse events, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 24 h, and all-cause mortality up to 90 days. Secondary imaging outcomes include successful reperfusion at end of EVT procedure and recanalization of target artery at 24 h. Discussion: DISTAL will inform physicians whether EVT in addition to BMT in people with AIS due to a MDVO is more efficacious than BMT alone.