Eco-friendly sol-gel derived sodium-based ormolytes for electrochromic devices

The sol-gel method was employed in the preparation of organic/inorganic biohybrid ormolytes composed of a di-urethane cross-linked poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL(530))/siloxane matrix doped for the first time with different amounts of sodium triflate (NaCF3SO3.xH2O). The samples are semi-crystalline and thermally stable up to ca. 250 °C. The maximum ionic conductivity (4.1 × 10−7, 1.5 × 10−4 and 8.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30, 49 and 97 °C, respectively) was attained at n’ = 6, where n’ (composition) corresponds to the number of ester (C(O)(CH2)5O) repeat units of PCL(530) per sodium ion. Selected ormolytes were employed in the construction and characterization of prototype electrochromic devices (ECDs). Tests with ECDs incorporating poly(oxyethylene)/siloxane (U(600))nNaCF3SO3 (where n is the ratio of ether (OCH2CH2) repeat units per sodium ion) ormolytes already reported were also performed. The devices exhibited fast switching time of ca. 30 s. At 555 nm the ECD@U60063Na device exhibited the highest optical density value (Δ(OD) = 0.12) and coloration efficiency for bleaching (CEout 131 cm2C−1, 50th cycle) and good optical memory. The ECD@PCL58Na device exhibited a CE value for coloration (0.12 versus 0.061) similar to that of ECD@U60063Na (CEin −116 cm2C−1, 50th cycle) and a very good stability. However the Δ(OD) value for the latter device was much higher.