@article{c6cb15c85e8a4a0aa8f2cd191a3d189c,
title = "Early aqueous dispersion paints: Portuguese artists' use of polyvinyl acetate, 1960s-1990s",
abstract = "The ageing of poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, paints was assessed in works by {\^A}ngelo de Sousa and Joaquim Rodrigo. The materials and techniques of the artists were studied through interviews and by chemical analysis. They were both using PVAc in 1961, preparing their own paints by mixing commercial PVAc emulsions with selected colorants. It is shown that in most cases the emulsion employed was based on a PVAc homopolymer and that the paints are in good condition with no signs of deterioration. Finally, this study allowed a comparison to be made between paint samples aged naturally and those aged under artificial conditions. This means that these artificially aged samples may be used as reference materials for PVAc paintings. Both sets exhibit molecular infrared fingerprints that are undistinguishable from an unaged PVAc, suggesting little chemical degradation over 50 years of natural ageing.",
keywords = "{\^A}ngelo de Sousa, Photodegradation, Poly(vinyl acetate), Contemporary art, Vinyl emulsions, Joaquim Rodrigo, {\^A}ngelo de Sousa , Contemporary art , Joaquim Rodrigo , Photodegradation , Poly(vinyl acetate) , Vinyl emulsions",
author = "Ferreira, {Joana Lia Antunes} and Melo, {Maria Jo{\~a}o} and Ramos, {Ana Maria Martelo} and {\'A}vila, {Mar{\'i}a Jes{\'u}s}",
note = "The authors are grateful to Sofia Agrela for her generous assistance in the study of materials and techniques used by Joaquim Rodrigo; to Aida Catarino for giving access to a painting by Joaquim Rodrigo; to Museu do Chiado for a close, fruitful, and a long-term collaboration; to Vanessa Otero for her collaboration in the study of Os quintais; to Angelo de Sousa for his enthusiastic contribution to the present work and also for giving access to his paintings and materials. They also thank to Tom Learner and Rachel Rivenc from the Getty Conservation institute for the Py-GC-MS analysis, and to Leslie Carlyle for helpful discussions. J.L. Ferreira thanks the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT-MCTES) for her PhD grant (SFRH/BD/18109/2004). Finally, the authors also thank the REQUIMTE supporting project PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011.; IIC 2012 Vienna Congress ; Conference date: 09-09-2012 Through 13-09-2012",
year = "2013",
doi = "10.1179/2047058412Y.0000000065",
language = "English",
volume = "58",
pages = "211--225",
journal = "Studies in Conservation",
issn = "0039-3630",
publisher = "Earthscan",
number = "3",
}