TY - JOUR
T1 - Drinking water treatment residuals, a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of hormones
T2 - A review
AU - Dias, Rita
AU - Daam, Michiel A.
AU - Diniz, Mário
AU - Maurício, Rita
N1 - Funding Information:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04085%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/SFRH%2FBD%2F148793%2F2019/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04378%2F2020/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04378%2F2020/PT#
The authors acknowledge and thank the support given to CENSE by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences - UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB are also acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - The declining water bodies' pristine characteristics due to the entry of emerging pollutants (EP) have been a growing concern for the past two decades. In the context of the effort that has been made to remove EP from water matrices, adsorption processes are economically attractive and feasible for EP removal. Among the commonly mentioned low-cost adsorbents (natural materials, agriculture and industrial wastes, sewage sludge or water treatment residuals), this review discusses the applicability of drinking water treatment residuals (DWTR) for the removal of hormones. DWTR have been widely reported as being effective in the adsorption of phosphate, heavy metals, and dyes. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on their application as adsorbent of hormones, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from water matrices. The sole study conducted on this topic, which involved a comprehensive characterization of the adsorption process for hormones using non-modified DWTR, indicates a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.748 μg/g for E2 and 14.557 μg/g for EE2. Furthermore, some studies refer to powdered activated carbon- DWTR (PAC-DWTR) as a new category of DWTR, with possible adsorption availability from powdered activated carbon (PAC) to be further explored. Finally, the application of DWTR should always be supported not only by standard toxic leaching procedures but also by ecotoxicological assessments. Nonetheless, the upcycling of DWTR into an adsorption material may offer new ways to manage this former residue in the water sector and provide alternatives for EP removal.
AB - The declining water bodies' pristine characteristics due to the entry of emerging pollutants (EP) have been a growing concern for the past two decades. In the context of the effort that has been made to remove EP from water matrices, adsorption processes are economically attractive and feasible for EP removal. Among the commonly mentioned low-cost adsorbents (natural materials, agriculture and industrial wastes, sewage sludge or water treatment residuals), this review discusses the applicability of drinking water treatment residuals (DWTR) for the removal of hormones. DWTR have been widely reported as being effective in the adsorption of phosphate, heavy metals, and dyes. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on their application as adsorbent of hormones, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from water matrices. The sole study conducted on this topic, which involved a comprehensive characterization of the adsorption process for hormones using non-modified DWTR, indicates a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.748 μg/g for E2 and 14.557 μg/g for EE2. Furthermore, some studies refer to powdered activated carbon- DWTR (PAC-DWTR) as a new category of DWTR, with possible adsorption availability from powdered activated carbon (PAC) to be further explored. Finally, the application of DWTR should always be supported not only by standard toxic leaching procedures but also by ecotoxicological assessments. Nonetheless, the upcycling of DWTR into an adsorption material may offer new ways to manage this former residue in the water sector and provide alternatives for EP removal.
KW - Circular economy in the water sector
KW - Drinking water treatment residuals
KW - Emergent pollutants
KW - Hormones
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171779369&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104322
DO - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104322
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85171779369
SN - 2214-7144
VL - 56
JO - Journal of Water Process Engineering
JF - Journal of Water Process Engineering
M1 - 104322
ER -