Abstract
A constatação de que parte significativa de uma população é simultaneamente afetada pela doença é antiga. No entanto, a caracterização desse fenómeno variou ao longo do tempo,nomeadamente no quadro médico. Hipócrates,cuja influência na medicina europeia foi marcante até finais do século XVIII, descreveu, sob a designação de epidemias, situações diversas de endemia, que atribuiu à “constituição” peculiar do lugar afetado num dado momento. Mas não abordou especificamente o fenómeno da transmissão de uma doença através do contacto de pessoas saudáveis com pessoas infetadaspor uma doença. Daí que a primeira descrição de uma epidemia, da autoria do historiador Tucídides, não encontre paralelo na literatura médica do seu tempo, mas não deixou de suscitar o esforço retrospetivo de médicos relevantes, nomeadamente Galeno, para explicar o fenómeno da transmissão. A teoria do contágio é relativamente recente, devendo-se a GirolamoFracastoro, no século XVI. Este médico e humanista recebe a palavra contágio da tradição intelectual latina e dá-lhe o estatuto de um conceito
central da ciência e da prática médicas.
The observation that a relevant part of a pop-ulation is simultaneously sick is quite ancient. Nevertheless, the explanation and character-ization of such phenomenon, namely at the medical framework, had changed throughout the time. Hippocrates, the most influential doctor in European medicine until the end of the 18th century, described, under the name of epidemy, diverse endemic situations, and attributed them to the peculiar “constitution” of the place affected in a certain moment. But he did not approach specifically the phenomenon of the transmission of a disease by means of the contact of healthy persons with someone affected by a disease. So, the first description of an epidemy, by the historian Thucydides, has no parallel in the medical writings of his time. In any case, it motivated the retrospective effort of relevant doctors, as Galen, aiming to explain the phenomenon of disease’s transmission. The theory of contagion is relatively recent, being formulated by Girolamo Fracastoro in his De contagione (1546). This Physician and humanist received the word contagion from the intellec-tual Latin tradition and converted it into a cen-tral concept of medical science and practice.
The observation that a relevant part of a pop-ulation is simultaneously sick is quite ancient. Nevertheless, the explanation and character-ization of such phenomenon, namely at the medical framework, had changed throughout the time. Hippocrates, the most influential doctor in European medicine until the end of the 18th century, described, under the name of epidemy, diverse endemic situations, and attributed them to the peculiar “constitution” of the place affected in a certain moment. But he did not approach specifically the phenomenon of the transmission of a disease by means of the contact of healthy persons with someone affected by a disease. So, the first description of an epidemy, by the historian Thucydides, has no parallel in the medical writings of his time. In any case, it motivated the retrospective effort of relevant doctors, as Galen, aiming to explain the phenomenon of disease’s transmission. The theory of contagion is relatively recent, being formulated by Girolamo Fracastoro in his De contagione (1546). This Physician and humanist received the word contagion from the intellec-tual Latin tradition and converted it into a cen-tral concept of medical science and practice.
Translated title of the contribution | From miasma to contagion |
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Original language | Portuguese |
Pages (from-to) | 19-31 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Anais de Historia de Alem-Mar |
Volume | 22 |
Publication status | Published - 2021 |
Keywords
- Contagion
- Fracastoro
- Hippocrates
- Hippocratic medicine
- Miasma
- Plague
- Contágio
- Hipócrates
- Medicina hipocrática
- Peste