TY - CHAP
T1 - Development and Characterization of Biodegradable Films Based on Pectin and Galega Kale By-Products
AU - Carlos, Leopoldina
AU - Pereira, Nelson
AU - Martins, Margarida Moldão
AU - Alves, Vítor D.
AU - Gonçalves, Elsa M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - The by-products of Galega kale, composed mainly of stems and leaves, represent an interesting source of bioactive compounds with various functionalities. The aim of this work was to develop and characterise functional pectin-based films using Galega kale powder as fillers, obtained from by-products of vegetable processing. The fresh by-products were blanched (100 ℃/ 30 s), dried (80 ℃/ 8 h) and milled, followed by their characterization in terms of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Pectin films were produced using the casting method, and characterized in terms of their bioactive, optical, mechanical and hygroscopic properties. Adding the by-products powder into the pectin matrix (0, 5, 10 and 20%) makes the films opaquer and with a more heterogeneous and yellowish colour. The incorporation of Galega kale powder at 20% significantly increased the films tensile stress at break (89%) and Young’s modulus (230%), compared to that of control film. However, water vapour permeability decreased around 45%. The same film showed higher total phenolic content (0.96 ± 0.08 mg GAE.g−1 dw), higher antioxidant potential with DPPH (2.94 ± 0.61 µmol TE.g−1 dw), ABTS (2.12 ± 0.24 µmol TE.g−1 dw) and FRAP methods (6.04 ± 1.47 µmol TE.g−1 dw). Thus, Galega kale by-products could be valued with the production of low-cost and environmentally friendly biodegradable films, with potential to be used in active packages with antioxidant activity.
AB - The by-products of Galega kale, composed mainly of stems and leaves, represent an interesting source of bioactive compounds with various functionalities. The aim of this work was to develop and characterise functional pectin-based films using Galega kale powder as fillers, obtained from by-products of vegetable processing. The fresh by-products were blanched (100 ℃/ 30 s), dried (80 ℃/ 8 h) and milled, followed by their characterization in terms of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Pectin films were produced using the casting method, and characterized in terms of their bioactive, optical, mechanical and hygroscopic properties. Adding the by-products powder into the pectin matrix (0, 5, 10 and 20%) makes the films opaquer and with a more heterogeneous and yellowish colour. The incorporation of Galega kale powder at 20% significantly increased the films tensile stress at break (89%) and Young’s modulus (230%), compared to that of control film. However, water vapour permeability decreased around 45%. The same film showed higher total phenolic content (0.96 ± 0.08 mg GAE.g−1 dw), higher antioxidant potential with DPPH (2.94 ± 0.61 µmol TE.g−1 dw), ABTS (2.12 ± 0.24 µmol TE.g−1 dw) and FRAP methods (6.04 ± 1.47 µmol TE.g−1 dw). Thus, Galega kale by-products could be valued with the production of low-cost and environmentally friendly biodegradable films, with potential to be used in active packages with antioxidant activity.
KW - Active packaging
KW - Antioxidant activity
KW - Biodegradable films
KW - Galega kale by-products
KW - Pectin films
KW - Powders
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85215090568
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-80330-7_1
DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-80330-7_1
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85215090568
T3 - Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering
SP - 3
EP - 19
BT - Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering
PB - Springer Nature
ER -