Controlling the columnar-to-equiaxed transition during Directed Energy Deposition of Inconel 625

S. Li; J. Y. Li; Z. W. Jiang; Y. Cheng; Y. Z. Li; S. Tang; J. Z. Leng; H. X. Chen; Y. Zou; Y. H. Zhao; J. P. Oliveira; Y. Zhang; K. H. Wang

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.102958

Controlling the columnar-to-equiaxed transition during Directed Energy Deposition of Inconel 625

S. Li, J. Y. Li, Z. W. Jiang, Y. Cheng, Y. Z. Li, S. Tang, J. Z. Leng, H. X. Chen, Y. Zou, Y. H. Zhao, J. P. Oliveira, Y. Zhang, K. H. Wang

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Abstract

In this work, the grain orientation and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 are tailored by varying the process parameters during directed energy deposition. Under the same deposition speed, increasing the current is effective in promoting the columnar-to-equiaxed transition due to modifications on the thermal cycle. The solidification conditions (temperature gradient and cooling rate) were characterized during the process. A comparison with an existing solidification map for Inconel 625 indicates that the temperature gradients in the melt pool of the sample fabricated with larger current decrease sufficiently to permit the nucleation and growth of equiaxed grains. Uniaxial tensile testing showed that the sample with equiaxed grain microstructure exhibits a higher yield strength (increase by 36 %) when compared to the sample with columnar grains. Contributions of various strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength are quantified in terms of grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and solid-solution strengthening. It is found that the higher yield strength of samples that possess equiaxed grains can be attributed to the enhanced dislocation strengthening arising from the large average Taylor factor.

Original language	English
Article number	102958
Number of pages	15
Journal	Additive Manufacturing
Volume	57
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102958
Publication status	Published - Sept 2022

Keywords

Additive Manufacturing
Inconel 625
Mechanical Properties
Microstructure
Texture

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10.1016/j.addma.2022.102958

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@article{7229518a3fd647a6ae29853959510a12,

title = "Controlling the columnar-to-equiaxed transition during Directed Energy Deposition of Inconel 625",

abstract = "In this work, the grain orientation and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 are tailored by varying the process parameters during directed energy deposition. Under the same deposition speed, increasing the current is effective in promoting the columnar-to-equiaxed transition due to modifications on the thermal cycle. The solidification conditions (temperature gradient and cooling rate) were characterized during the process. A comparison with an existing solidification map for Inconel 625 indicates that the temperature gradients in the melt pool of the sample fabricated with larger current decrease sufficiently to permit the nucleation and growth of equiaxed grains. Uniaxial tensile testing showed that the sample with equiaxed grain microstructure exhibits a higher yield strength (increase by 36 %) when compared to the sample with columnar grains. Contributions of various strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength are quantified in terms of grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and solid-solution strengthening. It is found that the higher yield strength of samples that possess equiaxed grains can be attributed to the enhanced dislocation strengthening arising from the large average Taylor factor.",

keywords = "Additive Manufacturing, Inconel 625, Mechanical Properties, Microstructure, Texture",

author = "S. Li and Li, {J. Y.} and Jiang, {Z. W.} and Y. Cheng and Li, {Y. Z.} and S. Tang and Leng, {J. Z.} and Chen, {H. X.} and Y. Zou and Zhao, {Y. H.} and Oliveira, {J. P.} and Y. Zhang and Wang, {K. H.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 51 601 091 and 51 971 112 ), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (grants BK 20 160 826 and BK 20 200 503 ), the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province (grant 2017-XCL-051 ), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grants 30 917 011 10 6 and 30 919 011 405 ), and Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province ( BE 2 020 085 ). JPO acknowledges Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT - MCTES) for its financial support via the project UID/667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO also acknowledges the funding of CENIMAT/i3N by national funds through the FCT - Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia , I.P., within the scope of Multiannual Financing of R&D Units, reference UIDB/50 025/2020–2023 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.addma.2022.102958",

language = "English",

volume = "57",

journal = "Additive Manufacturing",

issn = "2214-8604",

publisher = "Elsevier",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Controlling the columnar-to-equiaxed transition during Directed Energy Deposition of Inconel 625

AU - Li, S.

AU - Li, J. Y.

AU - Jiang, Z. W.

AU - Cheng, Y.

AU - Li, Y. Z.

AU - Tang, S.

AU - Leng, J. Z.

AU - Chen, H. X.

AU - Zou, Y.

AU - Zhao, Y. H.

AU - Oliveira, J. P.

AU - Zhang, Y.

AU - Wang, K. H.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 51 601 091 and 51 971 112 ), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (grants BK 20 160 826 and BK 20 200 503 ), the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province (grant 2017-XCL-051 ), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grants 30 917 011 10 6 and 30 919 011 405 ), and Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province ( BE 2 020 085 ). JPO acknowledges Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT - MCTES) for its financial support via the project UID/667/2020 (UNIDEMI). JPO also acknowledges the funding of CENIMAT/i3N by national funds through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia , I.P., within the scope of Multiannual Financing of R&D Units, reference UIDB/50 025/2020–2023 . Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - In this work, the grain orientation and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 are tailored by varying the process parameters during directed energy deposition. Under the same deposition speed, increasing the current is effective in promoting the columnar-to-equiaxed transition due to modifications on the thermal cycle. The solidification conditions (temperature gradient and cooling rate) were characterized during the process. A comparison with an existing solidification map for Inconel 625 indicates that the temperature gradients in the melt pool of the sample fabricated with larger current decrease sufficiently to permit the nucleation and growth of equiaxed grains. Uniaxial tensile testing showed that the sample with equiaxed grain microstructure exhibits a higher yield strength (increase by 36 %) when compared to the sample with columnar grains. Contributions of various strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength are quantified in terms of grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and solid-solution strengthening. It is found that the higher yield strength of samples that possess equiaxed grains can be attributed to the enhanced dislocation strengthening arising from the large average Taylor factor.

AB - In this work, the grain orientation and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 are tailored by varying the process parameters during directed energy deposition. Under the same deposition speed, increasing the current is effective in promoting the columnar-to-equiaxed transition due to modifications on the thermal cycle. The solidification conditions (temperature gradient and cooling rate) were characterized during the process. A comparison with an existing solidification map for Inconel 625 indicates that the temperature gradients in the melt pool of the sample fabricated with larger current decrease sufficiently to permit the nucleation and growth of equiaxed grains. Uniaxial tensile testing showed that the sample with equiaxed grain microstructure exhibits a higher yield strength (increase by 36 %) when compared to the sample with columnar grains. Contributions of various strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength are quantified in terms of grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and solid-solution strengthening. It is found that the higher yield strength of samples that possess equiaxed grains can be attributed to the enhanced dislocation strengthening arising from the large average Taylor factor.

KW - Additive Manufacturing

KW - Inconel 625

KW - Mechanical Properties

KW - Microstructure

KW - Texture

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U2 - 10.1016/j.addma.2022.102958

DO - 10.1016/j.addma.2022.102958

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85132841405

SN - 2214-8604

VL - 57

JO - Additive Manufacturing

JF - Additive Manufacturing

M1 - 102958

ER -

Controlling the columnar-to-equiaxed transition during Directed Energy Deposition of Inconel 625

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