Comparison of two metabolomics-platforms to discover biomarkers in critically ill patients from serum analysis

Serum metabolome analysis is essential for identifying disease biomarkers and predicting patient outcomes in precision medicine. Thus, this study aims to compare Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in acquiring the serum metabolome of critically ill patients, associated with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and predicting death. Three groups of 8 patients were considered. Group A did not require IMV and survived hospitalization, while Groups B and C required IMV. Group C patients died a median of 5 days after sample harvest. Good prediction models were achieved when comparing groups A to B and B to C using both platforms’ data, with UHPLC-HRMS showing 8–17 % higher accuracies (≥83 %). However, developing predictive models using metabolite sets was not feasible when comparing unbalanced populations, i.e., Groups A and B combined to Group C. Alternatively, FTIR-spectroscopy enabled the development of a model with 83 % accuracy. Overall, UHPLC-HRMS data yields more robust prediction models when comparing homogenous populations, potentially enhancing understanding of metabolic mechanisms and improving patient therapy adjustments. FTIR-spectroscopy is more suitable for unbalanced populations. Its simplicity, speed, cost-effectiveness, and high-throughput operation make it ideal for large-scale studies and clinical translation in complex populations.