TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Commercial Essential Oils and Hydrolates Obtained from Portuguese Forest Logging and Thinning
AU - Ruas, Ana
AU - Graça, Angelica
AU - Marto, Joana
AU - Gonçalves, Lídia
AU - Oliveira, Ana
AU - da Silva, Alexandra Nogueira
AU - Pimentel, Madalena
AU - Moura, Artur Mendes
AU - Serra, Ana Teresa
AU - Figueiredo, Ana Cristina
AU - Ribeiro, Helena M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal to CESAM UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020, UIDB/04138/2020 and UIDP/04138/2020 to iMed.ULisboa, CEECINST/00145/2018 to J.M. and principal investigator grants CEECIND/03143/2017 to L.G.L, and iNOVA4Health—UIDB/04462/2020 and UIDP/04462/2020, INTERFACE Program, through the Innovation, Technology and Circular Economy Fund (FITEC), is gratefully acknowledged. ATS acknowledges Grant CEECIND/04801/2017.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the producers that provided the essential oils and hydrolates for analysis. The authors thank Ana M. Martins, from iMed. ULisboa for language editing and proofreading. The authors acknowledge the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal for support to CESAM UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - Essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hds) are natural sources of biologically active ingredients with broad applications in the cosmetic industry. In this study, nationally produced (mainland Portugal and Azores archipelago) EOs (11) and Hds (7) obtained from forest logging and thinning of Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Cryptomeria japonica, were chemically evaluated, and their bioactivity and sensorial properties were assessed. EOs and Hd volatiles (HdVs) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. 1,8-Cineole was dominant in E. globulus EOs and HdVs, and α-and β-pinene in P. pinaster EOs. Limonene and α-pinene led in P. pinea and C. japonica EOs, respectively. P. pinaster and C. japonica HVs were dominated by α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ORAC and ROS. C. japonica EO showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas one of the E. globulus EOs showed the lowest. Antimicrobial activity results revealed different levels of efficacy for Eucalyptus and Pinus EOs while C. japonica EO showed no antimicrobial activity against the selected strains. The perception and applicability of emulsions with 0.5% of EOs were evaluated through an in vivo sensory study. C. japonica emulsion, which has a fresh and earthy odour, was chosen as the most pleasant fragrance (60%), followed by P. pinea emulsion (53%). In summary, some of the studied EOs and Hds showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and they are possible candidates to address the consumers demand for more sustainable and responsibly sourced ingredients.
AB - Essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hds) are natural sources of biologically active ingredients with broad applications in the cosmetic industry. In this study, nationally produced (mainland Portugal and Azores archipelago) EOs (11) and Hds (7) obtained from forest logging and thinning of Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Cryptomeria japonica, were chemically evaluated, and their bioactivity and sensorial properties were assessed. EOs and Hd volatiles (HdVs) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. 1,8-Cineole was dominant in E. globulus EOs and HdVs, and α-and β-pinene in P. pinaster EOs. Limonene and α-pinene led in P. pinea and C. japonica EOs, respectively. P. pinaster and C. japonica HVs were dominated by α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ORAC and ROS. C. japonica EO showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas one of the E. globulus EOs showed the lowest. Antimicrobial activity results revealed different levels of efficacy for Eucalyptus and Pinus EOs while C. japonica EO showed no antimicrobial activity against the selected strains. The perception and applicability of emulsions with 0.5% of EOs were evaluated through an in vivo sensory study. C. japonica emulsion, which has a fresh and earthy odour, was chosen as the most pleasant fragrance (60%), followed by P. pinea emulsion (53%). In summary, some of the studied EOs and Hds showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and they are possible candidates to address the consumers demand for more sustainable and responsibly sourced ingredients.
KW - antimicrobial activity
KW - antioxidant activity
KW - chemical composition
KW - essential oils
KW - hydrolates
KW - sensory evaluation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131622629&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules27113572
DO - 10.3390/molecules27113572
M3 - Article
C2 - 35684509
AN - SCOPUS:85131622629
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 27
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 11
M1 - 3572
ER -