Capelães do contra: textos de capelães que se opunham à linha oficial em jornais de unidades militares durante a Guerra Colonial

Translated title of the contribution: Chaplains out of line: texts written by chaplains that opposed government policies in soldier newspapers during the Portuguese Colonial War

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Abstract

Durante a guerra colonial portuguesa (1961-1974), grande parte das unidades militares destacadas para as frentes de combate tinham publicações periódicas, normalmente impressas em mimeógrafos, que eram organizados sob o nome de jornais de unidade. No total, são mais de 250 títulos, dirigidos principalmente aos soldados, cuja intenção era a de criar espírito de corpo na unidade e de justificar a sua participação na guerra.
No entanto, essas publicações não tinham controlo estrito dos seus conteúdos por parte da hierarquia militar, sendo o comandante de unidade o responsável pela sua edição. Normalmente, entre as várias secções dessas publicações, havia uma coluna assinada pelo capelão da unidade. Acontece que, na década de 1960, após o Concílio Vaticano II, a Igreja Católica — representando a religião oficial do Estado — experienciava um questionamento interno que resultou no surgimento da Teologia da Libertação. Esse movimento ideológico teve também reflexos entre os capelães militares destacados para as frentes de combate, sendo que muitos desses religiosos assumiram posições contrárias às da linha oficial adotada pela Igreja na metrópole.

During the Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974), most of the military units positioned in the front had soldier newspapers, normally produced by mimeograph printing. There are more than 250 soldier newspapers that aimed at creating team spirit and justifying their participation in the Colonial War. These publications did not have a strict content control by the military hierarchy, as the unit commander was the sole responsible for the edition. They had no external censorship as the newspapers and magazines published for the civilian population had. Many of these
newspapers had, among other sections, one that was written by the unit chaplain. In the 60s, after the Second Vatican Council, the Catholic Church — that was the country’s official religion — was experiencing an internal upheaval that resulted in the Liberation Theology. This ideological movement had its consequences among the military chaplains that were in the combat front, as some of them took stances against the official line that was followed by the Catholic Church hierarchy at the Portuguese metropolis. This chapter is about these newspaper columns.
Translated title of the contributionChaplains out of line: texts written by chaplains that opposed government policies in soldier newspapers during the Portuguese Colonial War
Original languagePortuguese
Title of host publicationPara uma história do jornalismo em Portugal II
EditorsCarla Baptista, Jorge Pedro Sousa, Celiana Azevedo
Place of PublicationLisboa
PublisherICNOVA – Instituto de Comunicação da Nova
Pages172-183
Number of pages11
Volume2
ISBN (Electronic)978-989-9048-05-8
ISBN (Print)978-989-9048-04-1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2021

Keywords

  • Capelães militares
  • Guerra colonial
  • História do jornalismo
  • Jornais de unidade
  • Teologia da libertação
  • Military chaplains
  • Portuguese colonial war
  • History of journalism
  • Soldier newspapers
  • Liberation theology

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