TY - JOUR
T1 - Can (Natural) deep eutectic systems increase the efficacy of ocular therapeutics?
AU - Sarmento, Célia
AU - Duarte, Ana Rita C.
AU - Rita Jesus, Ana
N1 - Funding Information:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Financiamento do Plano Estratégico de Unidades de I&D - 2019/UID%2FQUI%2F50006%2F2019/PT#
This research was funded by European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under grant agreement No ERC-2016-CoG 725034 and CryoDES ERC-2022-POC2 101101088.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s)
PY - 2024/5
Y1 - 2024/5
N2 - The eye is one of the most complex organs in the human body, with a unique anatomy and physiology, being divided into anterior and posterior segments. Ocular diseases can occur in both segments, but different diseases affect different segments. Glaucoma and cataracts affect the anterior segment, while macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy occur in the posterior segment. The easiest approach to treat ocular diseases, especially in the anterior segment, is through the administration of topical eye drops, but this route presents many constraints, namely precorneal dynamic and static ocular barriers. On the other hand, the delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye is far more challenging and is mainly performed by the intravitreal route. However, it can lead to severe complications such as retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, increased intraocular pressure and haemorrhage. The design of new drug delivery systems for the anterior segment is very challenging, but targeting the posterior one is even more difficult and little progress has been made. In this review we will discuss various strategies including the incorporation of additives in the formulations, such as viscosity, permeability, and solubility enhancers, namely based on Deep eutectic systems (DES). Natural deep eutectic systems (NADES) have emerged to solve several problems encountered in pharmaceutical industry, regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. NADES can contribute to the design of advanced technologies for ocular therapeutics, including hydrogels and nanomaterials. Here in, we revise some applications of (NA)DES in the development of new drug delivery systems that can be translated into the ophthalmology field.
AB - The eye is one of the most complex organs in the human body, with a unique anatomy and physiology, being divided into anterior and posterior segments. Ocular diseases can occur in both segments, but different diseases affect different segments. Glaucoma and cataracts affect the anterior segment, while macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy occur in the posterior segment. The easiest approach to treat ocular diseases, especially in the anterior segment, is through the administration of topical eye drops, but this route presents many constraints, namely precorneal dynamic and static ocular barriers. On the other hand, the delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye is far more challenging and is mainly performed by the intravitreal route. However, it can lead to severe complications such as retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, increased intraocular pressure and haemorrhage. The design of new drug delivery systems for the anterior segment is very challenging, but targeting the posterior one is even more difficult and little progress has been made. In this review we will discuss various strategies including the incorporation of additives in the formulations, such as viscosity, permeability, and solubility enhancers, namely based on Deep eutectic systems (DES). Natural deep eutectic systems (NADES) have emerged to solve several problems encountered in pharmaceutical industry, regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. NADES can contribute to the design of advanced technologies for ocular therapeutics, including hydrogels and nanomaterials. Here in, we revise some applications of (NA)DES in the development of new drug delivery systems that can be translated into the ophthalmology field.
KW - Advanced therapeutics
KW - Natural deep eutectic systems
KW - Ocular diseases
KW - Ocular drug delivery
KW - Topical administration
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85189765994&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114276
DO - 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114276
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38582179
AN - SCOPUS:85189765994
SN - 0939-6411
VL - 198
JO - European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
JF - European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
M1 - 114276
ER -