TY - JOUR
T1 - Brief Overview of Refuse-Derived Fuel Production and Energetic Valorization
T2 - Applied Technology and Main Challenges
AU - Santos, Santa Margarida
AU - Nobre, Catarina
AU - Brito, Paulo
AU - Gonçalves, Margarida
N1 - Funding Information:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_ALENT/2022.09990.BD/PT#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05064%2F2020/PT#
EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND, Project number 39838, the SI I&DT Projects in a co-promotion and research grant IPP/ProjetoAmbWTE/0001/2021, and by national funds through the FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA, I.P. (FCT) from FCT/MCTES UIDB/04077/2020–2023 and UIDP/04077/2020–2023 (MEtRICs—Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/6/30
Y1 - 2023/6/30
N2 - A large part of municipal solid waste (MSW) still goes to landfills, representing an environmental concern. A circular economy approach can enable safe management of MSW while mitigating the increasing energy needs when waste is used as a feedstock in energy production processes (waste to energy). Currently, MSW can be converted into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) through mechanical and biological treatment processes. This study analyzes the status of MSW and RDF production, as well as its main destinations in Portugal and Europe. The legislation applied, possible energy-recovery routes, and challenges associated with energy recovery are discussed throughout this paper. This research finds that the production of RDF in Portugal has been neglected, mostly because of RDF composition being quite heterogeneous and its poor fuel properties. Therefore, the need to improve and upgrade the characteristics and properties of RDF for waste-to-energy processes was detected. RDF can be pretreated to be further applied to waste-to-energy and waste-to-gas processes, such as incineration and gasification. The technology readiness level data, costs, and SWOT analysis allowedto assess that although incineration is the most mature and widely used technology, gasification becomes more attractive, having lower costs and gaseous emissions, proving to be more efficient and sustainable for MSW and RDF conversion.
AB - A large part of municipal solid waste (MSW) still goes to landfills, representing an environmental concern. A circular economy approach can enable safe management of MSW while mitigating the increasing energy needs when waste is used as a feedstock in energy production processes (waste to energy). Currently, MSW can be converted into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) through mechanical and biological treatment processes. This study analyzes the status of MSW and RDF production, as well as its main destinations in Portugal and Europe. The legislation applied, possible energy-recovery routes, and challenges associated with energy recovery are discussed throughout this paper. This research finds that the production of RDF in Portugal has been neglected, mostly because of RDF composition being quite heterogeneous and its poor fuel properties. Therefore, the need to improve and upgrade the characteristics and properties of RDF for waste-to-energy processes was detected. RDF can be pretreated to be further applied to waste-to-energy and waste-to-gas processes, such as incineration and gasification. The technology readiness level data, costs, and SWOT analysis allowedto assess that although incineration is the most mature and widely used technology, gasification becomes more attractive, having lower costs and gaseous emissions, proving to be more efficient and sustainable for MSW and RDF conversion.
KW - municipal solid waste
KW - refuse-derived fuel
KW - waste-to-energy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85165123481&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/su151310342
DO - 10.3390/su151310342
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85165123481
SN - 2071-1050
VL - 15
JO - Sustainability (Switzerland)
JF - Sustainability (Switzerland)
IS - 13
M1 - 10342
ER -
