TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of Measured Protein and Energy Intakes with Growth and Adiposity in Human Milk-Fed Preterm Infants at Term Postmenstrual Age
T2 - A Cohort Study
AU - Macedo, Israel
AU - Pereira-da-Silva, Luis
AU - Cardoso, Manuela
N1 - Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of measured protein, energy, and protein-to-energy (PER) intakes with body composition in human milk (HM)-fed preterm infants.STUDY DESIGN: Neonates born at < 33 gestational weeks were eligible. Standard fortification method with modular supplements was used and the HM composition was measured. The weight gain velocity was calculated, and body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography at 40 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). The fat mass percentage and fat mass index were used as indicators of adiposity, with convenience cut-offs ≤ -1 and ≥ + 1z-scores for low and high adiposity, respectively.RESULTS: Thirty-three infants were included (median [interquartile range] gestational age: 30 [28-31] weeks; birth weight: 1.175 [1.010-1.408] g); 36.4 and 84.8% did not receive the minimum recommended protein and energy intakes, respectively. Weight gain velocity showed positive weak-to-moderate correlations with nutrient intakes. Overall, no correlations between nutrient intakes and body composition were found. Infants with lower adiposity received lower energy, protein, and PER intakes, while those with higher adiposity received lower energy intake but higher PER intake.CONCLUSION: Overall, no correlations of nutrient intakes with body composition were found; however, differences in nutrient intakes were found between infants with lower and higher adiposity at term PMA.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of measured protein, energy, and protein-to-energy (PER) intakes with body composition in human milk (HM)-fed preterm infants.STUDY DESIGN: Neonates born at < 33 gestational weeks were eligible. Standard fortification method with modular supplements was used and the HM composition was measured. The weight gain velocity was calculated, and body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography at 40 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). The fat mass percentage and fat mass index were used as indicators of adiposity, with convenience cut-offs ≤ -1 and ≥ + 1z-scores for low and high adiposity, respectively.RESULTS: Thirty-three infants were included (median [interquartile range] gestational age: 30 [28-31] weeks; birth weight: 1.175 [1.010-1.408] g); 36.4 and 84.8% did not receive the minimum recommended protein and energy intakes, respectively. Weight gain velocity showed positive weak-to-moderate correlations with nutrient intakes. Overall, no correlations between nutrient intakes and body composition were found. Infants with lower adiposity received lower energy, protein, and PER intakes, while those with higher adiposity received lower energy intake but higher PER intake.CONCLUSION: Overall, no correlations of nutrient intakes with body composition were found; however, differences in nutrient intakes were found between infants with lower and higher adiposity at term PMA.
KW - body composition
KW - energy intake
KW - growth velocity
KW - human milk composition
KW - protein intake
KW - very preterm infant
U2 - 10.1055/s-0038-1626717
DO - 10.1055/s-0038-1626717
M3 - Article
C2 - 29532450
SN - 0735-1631
VL - 35
SP - 882
EP - 891
JO - American journal of perinatology
JF - American journal of perinatology
IS - 9
ER -