TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Toxic Metals and Hazardous Substances in Tattoo Inks Using Sy-XRF, AAS, and Raman Spectroscopy
AU - Manso, Marta
AU - Pessanha, Sofia
AU - Guerra, Mauro
AU - Reinholz, Uwe
AU - Afonso, Cláudia
AU - Radtke, Martin
AU - Lourenço, Helena
AU - Carvalho, Maria Luísa
AU - Buzanich, Ana Guilherme
N1 - info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876/147413/PT#
This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology grants BPD/92455/2013 and SFRH/BPD/94234/2013 and by the research center grant no. UID/FIS/04559/2013 to LIBPhys-UNL, from the FCT/MCTES/PIDDAC.
PY - 2019/2/1
Y1 - 2019/2/1
N2 - Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, in conjunction with atomic absorption and Raman spectroscopy, was used to analyze a set of top brand tattoo inks to investigate the presence of toxic elements and hazardous substances. The Cr, Cu, and Pb contents were found to be above the maximum allowed levels established by the Council of Europe through the resolution ResAP(2008)1 on requirements and criteria for the safety of tattoos and permanent makeup. Raman analysis has revealed the presence of a set of prohibited substances mentioned in ResAP(2008)1, among which are the pigments Blue 15, Green 7, and Violet 23. Other pigments that were identified in white, black, red, and yellow inks are the Pigment White 6, Carbon Black, Pigment Red 8, and a diazo yellow, respectively. The present results show the importance of regulating tattoo ink composition.
AB - Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, in conjunction with atomic absorption and Raman spectroscopy, was used to analyze a set of top brand tattoo inks to investigate the presence of toxic elements and hazardous substances. The Cr, Cu, and Pb contents were found to be above the maximum allowed levels established by the Council of Europe through the resolution ResAP(2008)1 on requirements and criteria for the safety of tattoos and permanent makeup. Raman analysis has revealed the presence of a set of prohibited substances mentioned in ResAP(2008)1, among which are the pigments Blue 15, Green 7, and Violet 23. Other pigments that were identified in white, black, red, and yellow inks are the Pigment White 6, Carbon Black, Pigment Red 8, and a diazo yellow, respectively. The present results show the importance of regulating tattoo ink composition.
KW - Hazardous substances
KW - Spectroscopic techniques
KW - Tattoo inks
KW - Toxic metals
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048355559&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12011-018-1406-y
DO - 10.1007/s12011-018-1406-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 29948912
AN - SCOPUS:85048355559
SN - 0163-4984
VL - 187
SP - 596
EP - 601
JO - Biological Trace Element Research
JF - Biological Trace Element Research
IS - 2
ER -
