TY - JOUR
T1 - Accessing Ancestral Origin and Diversity Evolution by Net Divergence of an Ongoing Domestication Mediterranean Olive Tree Variety
AU - Sales, Hélia
AU - Šatović, Zlatko
AU - Alves, Mara Lisa
AU - Fevereiro, Pedro
AU - Nunes, João
AU - Vaz Patto, Maria Carlota
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Angjelina Belaj from Instituto de Investigaci?n y Formaci?n Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producci?n Ecol?gica (IFAPA) in C?rdoba, Spain for providing the representative DNA samples and respective molecular data of Galega vulgar, Arbequina and Picual from the World Olive Germplasm Bank. We would also like to thank all the farmers and Portuguese municipalities that were involved in the prospection and selection of the Galega vulgar individuals used on this work, as well as Jo?o Brito, English language revisor, for the editing and proofreading. Funding. This work was supported by Conserva??o e Melhoramento Gen?tico Vegetal da Oliveira Program PDR2020-7.8.4-FEADER-042744, 3i Bioeconomy project POCI-01-0246-FEDER-026758, funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER), under Programa Operacional Tem?tico Competitividade e Internacionaliza??o?COMPETE 2020, FCT (Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia), MCTES (Minist?rio da Ci?ncia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior), and the Association BLC3 through the PhD grant [SFRH/BDE/102401/2014], the R&D Unit, UIDB/04551/2020 (GREEN-IT?Bioresources for Sustainability), the Center Bio R&D Unit (UID/ 05083/2020), and by the project KK.01.1.1.01.0005 Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Center of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by Conservação e Melhoramento Genético Vegetal da Oliveira Program PDR2020-7.8.4-FEADER-042744, 3i Bioeconomy project POCI-01-0246-FEDER-026758, funded by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER), under Programa Operacional Temático Competitividade e Internacionalização–COMPETE 2020, FCT
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Sales, Šatović, Alves, Fevereiro, Nunes and Vaz Patto.
PY - 2021/6/24
Y1 - 2021/6/24
N2 - Olea europaea ‘Galega vulgar’ variety is a blend of West and Central Mediterranean germplasm with cultivated-wild admixture characteristics. ‘Galega vulgar’ is known for its high rusticity and superior-quality olive oil, being the main Portuguese variety with high impact for bioeconomy. Nevertheless, it has been replaced by higher-yielding and more adapted to intensive production foreign varieties. To clarify the potential ancestral origin, genetic diversity evolution, and existing genetic relationships within the national heritage of ‘Galega vulgar’, 595 trees, belonging to ancient and centenary age groups and prospected among ten traditional production regions, were characterized using 14 SSR markers after variety validation by endocarp measurements. Ninety-five distinguishable genets were identified, revealing the presence of a reasonable amount of intra-genetic and morphological variability. A minimum spanning tree, depicting the complete genealogy of all identified genets, represented the ‘Galega vulgar’ intra-varietal diversity, with 94% of the trees showing only a two-allele difference from the most frequent genet (C001). Strong correlations between the number of differentiating alleles from C001, the clonal size, and their net divergence suggested an ancestral monoclonal origin of the ‘Galega vulgar’, with the most frequent genet identified as the most likely origin of all the genets and phenotypic diversification occurring through somatic mutations. Genetic erosion was detected through the loss of some allele combinations across time. This work highlights the need to recover the lost diversity in this traditional olive variety by including ancient private genets (associated with potential adaptation traits) in future breeding programs and investing in the protection of these valuable resources in situ by safeguarding the defined region of origin and dispersion of ‘Galega vulgar’. Furthermore, this approach proved useful on a highly diverse olive variety and thus applicable to other diverse varieties due either to their intermediate nature between different gene pools or to the presence of a mixture of cultivated and wild traits (as is the case of ‘Galega vulgar’).
AB - Olea europaea ‘Galega vulgar’ variety is a blend of West and Central Mediterranean germplasm with cultivated-wild admixture characteristics. ‘Galega vulgar’ is known for its high rusticity and superior-quality olive oil, being the main Portuguese variety with high impact for bioeconomy. Nevertheless, it has been replaced by higher-yielding and more adapted to intensive production foreign varieties. To clarify the potential ancestral origin, genetic diversity evolution, and existing genetic relationships within the national heritage of ‘Galega vulgar’, 595 trees, belonging to ancient and centenary age groups and prospected among ten traditional production regions, were characterized using 14 SSR markers after variety validation by endocarp measurements. Ninety-five distinguishable genets were identified, revealing the presence of a reasonable amount of intra-genetic and morphological variability. A minimum spanning tree, depicting the complete genealogy of all identified genets, represented the ‘Galega vulgar’ intra-varietal diversity, with 94% of the trees showing only a two-allele difference from the most frequent genet (C001). Strong correlations between the number of differentiating alleles from C001, the clonal size, and their net divergence suggested an ancestral monoclonal origin of the ‘Galega vulgar’, with the most frequent genet identified as the most likely origin of all the genets and phenotypic diversification occurring through somatic mutations. Genetic erosion was detected through the loss of some allele combinations across time. This work highlights the need to recover the lost diversity in this traditional olive variety by including ancient private genets (associated with potential adaptation traits) in future breeding programs and investing in the protection of these valuable resources in situ by safeguarding the defined region of origin and dispersion of ‘Galega vulgar’. Furthermore, this approach proved useful on a highly diverse olive variety and thus applicable to other diverse varieties due either to their intermediate nature between different gene pools or to the presence of a mixture of cultivated and wild traits (as is the case of ‘Galega vulgar’).
KW - ancient and centennial trees
KW - genetic diversity
KW - genetic erosion
KW - minimum spanning tree
KW - Olea europaea
KW - SSR
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109735558&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2021.688214
DO - 10.3389/fpls.2021.688214
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109735558
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Plant Science
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
M1 - 688214
ER -